In integration of IP and WDM networks, there are two main approaches. One is joint planning approach; the other is joint operation approach. Joint planning typically addresses an optimality problem on total network cost given a certain data traffic pattern and some physical constraints at the network planning stage; while through reconfiguration or real-time setup of lightpaths, joint operation...

Modeling agile and versatile spatial behavior remains a challenging task, due to the intricate coupling of planning, control, and perceptual processes. Previous results have shown that humans plan and organize their guidance behavior by exploiting patterns in the interactions between agent or organism and the environment. These patterns, described under the concept of Interaction Patterns (IPs)...

The impostor phenomenon (IP) is increasingly recognized as an important psychological construct for career development, yet empirical research on how it functions in this domain is sparse. We investigated in what way impostor feelings are related to the fear of failure, fear of success, self-esteem, and the career-development aspects career planning, career striving, and the motivation to lead....

It is essential for ISPs to offer both performance and survivability guarantees at the IP/MPLS layer. Capacity planning is needed to ensure there will be sufficient resource availability and quality of service under normal circumstances, and during network failures. In this paper we study the issue of capacity planning for survivable MPLS networks providing DiffServ EF and BE traffic classes. O...

Over the past years a number of IP micro-mobility protocols have been proposed as an extension or complement of Mobile IP. Although the development of these protocols has generated considerable interest in industry and academia, none of them have been widely deployed. The main reason of this lack of real-life usage of micro-mobility proposals is that the RFCs or drafts of these protocols do not...

INTRODUCTION The main aim of this study is to determine the pattern of referrals of poisoning to a tertiary university hospital. The information will be used for poison prevention programme planning, and for educating and awareness promoting to the public. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients (under 21 years of age) admitted to the paediatric wards between January 1997 and December 2002 with a ...

BACKGROUND Severe outbreaks of interdigital phlegmon (IP) associated with a high morbidity and major economic losses have occurred in Finland in the past decade. A survey was performed to indicate the current occurrence of infectious hoof diseases and to identify herd level risk factors predisposing to an outbreak of IP. RESULTS Responses to a questionnaire revealed that an outbreak of IP def...

As one of the challenges posed in their paper “Ten Challenges in Propositional Reasoning and Search,” Selman et al. (1997) mention the development of Integer Programming (IP) models and methods for propositional reasoning. Even though it is straightforward to formulate a satisfiability problem as an integer programming model, their concern is that the basic technique used to solve integer progr...