High-energy beams of charged nuclear particles !protons and heavier ions" offer significant advantages for the treatment of deep-seated local tumors in comparison to conventional megavolt photon therapy. Their physical depth-dose distribution in tissue is characterized by a small entrance dose and a distinct maximum !Bragg peak" near the end of range with a sharp fall-off at the distal edge. Ta...

Introduction: Proton therapy is a type of radiation treatment that it uses protons to treat cancer. Because of the protons’ unique ability to distribute the radiation dose more directly to the tumor, it minimizes the damage to nearby healthy tissues. The rate of energy loss by the ion in the target is called stopping power. The total stopping power is sum nuclear and electroni...

At EO Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), clinical trials were conducted (1975-1992) for treating human cancer using heavy ion beams, in which about 700 patients were treated with helium-ion and about 300 patients with neon-ion beams. Clinical trials at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany used carbon-ion beams to treat about 250 patients (1997-2005). ...

Ion-beam therapy provides advances in cancer treatment, offering the possibility of excellent dose localization and thus maximising cell-killing within the tumour. The full potential of such therapy can only be realised if the fundamental mechanisms leading to lethal cell damage under ion irradiation are well understood. The key question is whether it is possible to quantitatively predict macro...

â  b ackground non-alcoholic fatty liver (nafl) includes a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nash) and cirrhosis. nafl is typically seen in association with obesity, diabetes and hypertriglyceridaemia. in order to seek the role of diet therapy in treatment of nafl, we compared the ultrasonographic findings of patients with fatty liver di...

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of MET-PET as an evaluation method of the therapeutic effect of carbon ion beam radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four choroidal melanoma patients who were treated with a carbon ion beam underwent at least three MET-PET scans before and after therapy. The uptake was visually and semiquantitatively evaluated on the basis of...