background and aim: creatine is an energy-supplying protein in neuromuscular system with a protective role in relieving neurological symptoms. since the enzymes and other mechanism involved in the conversion of creatine in the inner ear and vestibular nuclei are found in abundance, the aim of this study was to measure the effects of creatine on cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cv...

Perfluorinated compounds have raised concern due to their potential 16 association with detrimental postnatal outcomes in animals and humans. We tested the effects 17 of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on a human pluripotent teratocarcinoma (known as 18 NCCIT) cells as an in vitro prototype for developmental toxicity in mammals. NCCIT 19 contains stem-cells able to differentiate into endoderm,...

This paper investigates how a country’s geographic position relative to other countries affects the quality of its exports. The two driving forces are the supply-side response to the specific transportation cost (generalized Alchian-Allen effect) and the stronger preference for quality in richer countries. Producers who may be unable to adjust quality for every market will choose a common quali...