The majority of currently used anesthetic agents are derived from or associated with natural products, especially plants, as evidenced by cocaine that was isolated from coca (Erythroxylum coca, Erythroxylaceae) and became a prototype of modern local anesthetics and by thymol and eugenol contained in thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae), respectively, bot...

anesthesiology is one of the most important creations of the modern science, basically based on the anesthetic drugs; however, there are a few concerns regarding the effects of the anesthetic drugs. would there be any progress in the current trend of anesthesiology, both clinically and basically. there would be a possibility to use the physiologic mechanisms of sleep to be incorporated into cli...

Pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling has made an enormous contribution to intravenous anesthesia. PK/PD models have provided us with insight into the factors affecting the onset and offset of drug effect. For example, we are now able to describe the influence of cardiac output on the disposition of intravenous drugs within the first few minutes after administration of the drug. We...

OBJECTIVES First, we describe trends in characteristics of suicidal events using new (2011-2012) and previous (1993-1995, 2000-2001 and 2007-2008) data reported by the Belgian Network of Sentinel General Practices (SGP); second, we examine patient age-related trends in on-site attendance of sentinel general practitioners (GPs) as first professional caregivers following suicidal behaviour; third...

Two common general anaesthetic techniques were compared to evaluate the time taken for the patient's mental efficiency to recover sufficiently for him to be escorted home after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Recovery in performance efficiency to at least 60% of the patient's own maximum is suggested as a criterion for discharge, and this needs a stay in hospital of seven to nine hours.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the barriers to and factors facilitating the operation of patient safety incident reporting systems. METHODS A qualitative study that used a methodological triangulation method was conducted. Participants were those who were involved in or responsible for managing incident reporting at hospitals, and they were recruited via a snowballing sampling method....

Background: Intraosseous injection is a way to administration of drugs. Objective: The clinical comparison of intraosseous and intravenous injection of Thiopental-Na. Methods: First all birds (Twenty six healthy pigeons) were split out into two groups randomly. Group A received 20 mg kg-1 Thiopental-Na by intraosseous rou...

conclusions good knowledges for renal function remain a hallmark of daily practice of the anesthesiologist, considering renal function as an important determinant factor in anesthesia practice. context pre-existing renal dysfunction presents specific features that anesthesiologists must deal with. anesthesia and renal function are connected and can interfere with each other. induced hypotension...

BACKGROUND Intravenous anesthetics have marked effects on memory function, even at subclinical concentrations. Fundamental questions remain in characterizing anesthetic amnesia and identifying affected system-level processes. The authors applied a mathematical model to evaluate time-domain components of anesthetic amnesia in human subjects. METHODS Sixty-one volunteers were randomized to rece...