Topical microbicides are intended for frequent use by women in reproductive age. Hence, it is essential to evaluate their impact on mucosal immune function in the vagina. In the present study, we evaluated nisin, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP), for its efficacy as an intravaginal microbicide. Its effect on the vaginal immune function was determined by localizing Toll-like rec...

Data obtained, using a polygraphic technique, on the characteristics of the motor and genital copulatory responses of male rabbits, rats, mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs are reviewed. This methodology provided detailed information, not accessible to other analyses, on the frequency and dynamic organization of copulatory pelvic thrusting trains of the species studied. This comparative analysis s...

A herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) UL24 beta-glucuronidase (UL24-betagluc) insertion mutant was derived from HSV-2 strain 186 via standard marker transfer techniques. Cell monolayers infected with UL24-betagluc yielded cytopathic effect with syncytium formation. UL24-betagluc replicated to wild-type viral titers in three different cell lines. UL24-betagluc was not virulent after intravaginal...

Context Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common; over half of all adult women will have a UTI, with a third having recurrent UTI. Women at higher risk of developing recurrence are older, postmenopausal, and incontinent and have cystocoeles with high postvoid residual volumes. Preventative strategies using prophylactic antibiotics may result in adverse side effects, antibiotic resistance and Clo...

Vaginal gel formulations containing the naphthalene sulfonate polymer PRO 2000 are being developed as topical microbicides to protect against infection with sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens. A mouse model was used to determine whether PRO 2000 could protect against genital herpes in vivo. Animals received a single intravaginal application of 15 microL of a 10% PRO 2000 aqueous solut...

Hair cortisol is a relatively non-invasive and reliable measure of chronic stress, but it has received limited use, especially in pasture systems. A two-year study was carried out to compare behavioral physiological (intravaginal temperature, hair, blood cortisol) responses ewes (Ovis aries) that grazed black walnut (Juglans nigra) silvopasture (BSP), honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) (HSP), ...

In this case, semen that handled by urethral catheterization was deposited into the deepest point of vagina an anesthetized queen. Intravaginal artificial insemination applied on 2nd day onset oestrus and only single performed. Insemination time determined behavioural cytological evaluations. Two healthy kittens were obtained 62 days after insemination. The case has important reports in terms b...