There is increasing evidence that environmental factors in early life, particularly viral infections, influence the risk of developing type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. The high incidence of diabetes in the congenital rubella syndrome suggests that intrauterine infection may be important, and the high incidence of enteroviral infection during pregnancy in the mothers of children who subseque...

INTRODUCTION Infections are recognized as major complications during therapy with biologics and other immunosuppressant drugs. The respiratory tract, bone, joint, skin, and soft tissues are well known sites of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated by biologics or other immunosuppressants. It is known that patients with intra-abdominal infections may develop tuberculous pe...

A previous cross-sectional serological survey of various age groups (0-55 years) of the Malaysian normal population showed that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is highly endemic in Malaysia. A total of 1,688 infants (0-4 months) with congenital abnormalities were screened for evidence of congenital CMV infection and the rest of the TORCHES (TOxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, HErpes simple...

Listeriosis in human is clinically characterized as perinatal listeriosis, neonatal listeriosis and adult listeriosis. Listeria spp are an established pathogen in animals, and human infections are usually seen following ingestion of contaminated food (processed food). Human infections of Listeria spp initially present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Meningitis, septicaemia, brain abscess and pr...

BACKGROUND Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very common intrauterine infection which can cause severe mental and hearing impairments. Notably, only 40% of primarily infected women transmit CMV to the fetus. CMV-specific T-cell response has a role in CMV disease but individual immune heterogeneity precludes reliable correlation between measurable T-cells response and intrauterine transmissi...

OBJECTIVES This study measured the effect of information about family planning methods and STD risk factors and prevention, together with personal choice on the selection of intrauterine devices (IUDs) by clients with cervical infection. METHODS We conducted a randomised, controlled trial in which family planning clients were assigned to one of two groups, the standard practice (control) grou...

A survey was made of group B streptococcal carriage at various sites in 100 women attending a clinic for the insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Twenty-three women carried streptococci at one or more sites at the preinsertion visit, the vaginal carriage rate being 16%. Six months after insertion changes in carrier status were noted and there was evidence of a change of stra...

Objectives: This study measured the eVect of information about family planning methods and STD risk factors and prevention, together with personal choice on the selection of intrauterine devices (IUDs) by clients with cervical infection. Methods: We conducted a randomised, controlled trial in which family planning clients were assigned to one of two groups, the standard practice (control) group...

rohrer's ponderal index in newborns (birth weight * 100/height3) has been used as an indicator of fetal growth status, especially to assess asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation. low ponderal index or disproportionate intrauterine growth retardation has higher neonatal morbidity and there are some specific guidelines in intrauterine growth retarded infants to control some of their p...