A 38-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 1, had a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUS) inserted just after a third induced abortion. Thirteen months later she insisted on the IUS being removed because of amenorrhea. Ultrasound examination showed that it was normally located. A junior doctor was asked to remove it. On insertion of the speculum, the threads were clearly visible. The threads we...

BACKGROUND Although hysteroscopy is frequently used in the management of subfertile women, a systematic review of the evidence on this subject is lacking. METHODS We summarized and appraised the evidence for the benefit yielded by this procedure. Our systematic search was limited to randomized and controlled studies. The QUOROM and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Language restrictions were no...

Background: Hydrosalpinx is a common cause of female infertility1 and adversely affects the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Although IVF is the main treatment, alternative treatments, such as salpingectomy and functional tubal surgery have been suggested.2 Previously, hydrosalpinx was diagnosed using tubal patency tests (transvaginal ultrasound, TVUS; hysterosalpingography, HSG; and l...

Tuboovarian abscess is a well-known sequela of acute or chronic salpingitis. In a small percentage of patients, these inflammatory masses compress or even rupture into the adjacent viscera, thus simulating the condition of pelvic malignancy, particularly when the clinical presentations are indolent. We describe two cases of tuboovarian abscess mimicking malignancy. Case 1: A 39-year-old woman w...

Abstract Study question To classify patients with dense intrauterine adhesions based on clinical characteristics as well as, ultrasound, hysterosalpingography (HSG) and hysteroscopy findings into different prognostic groups. Summary answer We have defined a model to which could easily be implemented in patient counseling management. What is known already Intrauterine are major cause of hypo-ame...