BackgroundCortical visual prostheses often use penetrating electrode arrays to deliver microstimulation the cortex. To optimize placement within cortex, neural responses at different cortical depths must first be understood.ObjectiveWe investigated how evoked by in cortex varied with depth, of both stimulation and response.MethodsA 32-channel single shank array was inserted into primary anaesth...

With the advent of high-resolution CT, criteria for the diagnosis of intraspinal hemangiomas have been established . These consist of the presence of intracanalicular soft-tissue masses of mild to moderately hyperdense attenuation with variable degrees of contrast enhancement, primarily in association with vertebral hemangioma [1-6]. The presence of calcification in the intraspinal soft-tissue ...

OBJECT Anorectal malformations are known to be associated with neurological deficits, which may contribute to the disability suffered by patients with these malformations. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and pattern of sacral abnormalities in children with anorectal malformations, the incidence and nature of the neurological deficits, and the incidence and nature of operabl...

The macaque FEFs and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) are high-level cortical areas involved in both spatial attention and oculomotor behavior. Stimulating FEF at a level below the threshold for evoking saccades increases fMRI activity and gamma power in area LIP, but the precise effect exerted by the FEF on LIP neurons is unknown. In our study, we recorded LIP single-unit activity during a...

To generate behavioral responses based on sensory input, motor areas of the brain must interpret, or "read out," signals from sensory maps. Our experiments tested several algorithms for how the motor systems for smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements might extract a usable signal of target velocity from the distributed representation of velocity in the middle temporal visual area (MT or V5)....

Background: To evaluate, via a meta-analysis, the clinical effect of unilateral hemilaminectomy for intraspinal tumor removal.

We simulated the effects of delivering focal electrical stimuli to the central nervous system to modulate the firing rate of neurons and alleviate motor disorders. Application of these stimuli to the spinal cord to reduce the increased excitability of motoneurons and resulting spasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI) was examined by means of a morphologically detailed computer model of a spina...

A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying decision-making. Recent physiological studies suggest that neurons in association areas may be involved in this process. To test this, we measured the effects of electrical microstimulation in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while monkeys performed a reaction-time motion discrimination task with a sac...