background: epilepsy is the second common neurologic disorder. although many antiepileptic drugs have been formulated to control the seizures, but not all seizures have been controlled by them. uncontrolled epilepsy can actually reduce the patients’ quality of life. objectives: identifying the proportion of adult intractable epilepsy among epileptic patients in an area in the north east of iran...

The underlying etiology of anterior knee pain has been extensively studied. Despite many possible causes, often times the diagnosis is elusive. The most common causes in the young athlete are osteosynchondroses, patellar peritendinitis and tendinosis, synovial impingement, malalignment, and patellar instability. Less common causes are osteochondritis dissecans and tumors. It is always important...

The influence of acromioplasty in long standing rotator cuff deficiency with intractable pain was retrospectively evaluated in a consecutive series of 13 patients who were followed for a mean period of 19 months (range, 12 to 42 months) after arthroscopic acromioplasty. The Constant score improved from 59.3 (range, 39.9 to 90.3) preoperatively to 98.7 (69.1 to 122.7) postoperatively. Pain and m...

1. Frontal lobotomy is an effective procedure for the relief of intractable pain. 2. Unilateral frontal lobotomy for the relief of pain is less successful than the bilateral (standard) operation. 3. Unwanted changes in personality and intellect are apt to be severe after the bilateral procedure. These changes, though of less degree, also occur with the unilateral operation performed by standard...

The views of young Turkish people on the acceptability of physicianassisted suicide (PAS) in the case of patients suffering from intractable pain or in a state of complete dependence were examined. Ninety-nine participants aged 18-25 were presented with scenarios depicting different situations in which a patient, who suffered from an illness that left her in a state of complete dependence or in...

Sixty patients with spinal cord stimulators implanted for intractable pain lasting up to 50 years were followed for up to nine years. Forty seven per cent derived significant benefit, 23% modest benefit, 20% experienced no effect and 6.7% were made worse. Two were made worse after initial benefit. Complications, indications and factors relevant to the mode of action are discussed.

Defining intractable epilepsy is essential not only to identify up to 40% of patients refractory to pharmacological management, but also to facilitate selection and comparison of such patients for research purposes. The ideal definition still eludes us. Multiple factors including number of antiepileptic drug (AED) failures, seizure frequency and duration of unresponsiveness, etiology, and epile...

A generative model’s partition function is typically expressed as an intractable multi-dimensional integral, whose approximation presents a challenge to numerical and Monte Carlo integration. In this work, we propose a new estimation method for intractable partition functions, based on distilling an intractable generative model into a tractable approximation thereof, and using the latter for pr...