Potassium (K) is the principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Potassium ions participate in many essential biological processes such as the maintenance of osmotic potential within cells, nerve impulse transmission, enzyme reactions in cellular metabolism, the maintenance of normal kidney function, and cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle function. Because milk is an intracellular flu...

Calcium signalling and calcium homeostasis are essential for life. Studies of calcium signalling thus constitute a major proportion of research in the life sciences, although the majority of these studies are based in cell lines or isolated cells. Epithelial cells and tissues are essential in the regulation of critical physiological processes, including fluid transport; and so the modulation of...

Thirst is important for maintaining body fluid homeostasis and may arise from deficits in either intracellular or extracellular fluid volume. Neural signals arising from osmotic and hormonal influences on the lamina terminalis may be integrated within the brain, with afferent information relayed from intrathoracic baroreceptors via the hindbrain to generate thirst.

Using muscle functional MRI (mfMRI), this study was able to differentiate the acute physiological responses following three established hypertrophic resistance exercise strategies. Low-load protocols performed failure, with or without blood flow restriction, resulted in larger changes R 2 (i.e. greater T -shifts) a slow rate of return baseline indicative myocellular fluid shifts. These data wer...

Fluid balance is an integral component of hemodialysis treatments to prevent under- or overhydration, both of which have been demonstrated to have significant effects on intradialytic morbidity and long-term cardiovascular complications. Fluid removal is usually achieved by ultrafiltration to achieve a clinically derived value for "dry weight." Unfortunately, there is no standard measure of dry...

Patients with limbic encephalitis usually present with new onset mesial temporal lobe seizures, progressive memory disturbance, and a variety of other behavioral, emotional, and cognitive changes. Autoimmune inflammation of the limbic gray matter structures of the human brain has recently been identified as major cause of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with interictal temporal epileptiform activ...

Gerber, Dolores F. (University of California, Berkeley) and H. M. S. Watkins. Growth of shigellae in monolayer tissue cultures. J. Bacteriol. 82:815-822. 1961.-The influence of environment on virulence, antigenicity, and antibiotic susceptibility of infectious agents is well recognized. The development of tissue culture monolayer techniques has stimulated new interest in manifestations of these...

Total body water (TBW) is consistently 70% of the lean body weight across age and sex ranges but varies as a percentage of actual bodyweight between groups and individuals owing to varied deposition of adipose tissue, which contains less water than muscle. TBW is 75% of total body weight in neonates, 70% in infants and 45% in the elderly. The average adult male (70 kg) has 60% of total body wei...