BACKGROUND AND AIMS Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are considered as potent stimuli which lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has been studied for pre-operative anxiolysis and sedation in Intensive Care Unit. We made a hypothesis that melatonin can provide haemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy and intubation when given 12...

It is common to question the equal-interval assumptions of most academic scale scores. Even if interval assumptions hold, it is problematic to assume equal-interval distances with respect to benefits. For example, equivalent gains at the top and bottom of the distribution are unlikely to yield equivalent welfare returns. I develop a method to estimate the welfare returns to academic achievement...

Penetration of the mobile Internet has increased its visibility worldwide. This enables analysis of detailed time-dimensional user behavior data. It also increases the industry need to identify and retain mobile users with strong loyalty to a particular mobile Web site. The author proposes an intramonth-scale revisit classification method for identifying intramonth-scale, revisiting mobile user...

Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a very eective method to evaluate the relative eciency of decision-making units (DMUs). DEA models divided all DMUs in two categories: ecient and inecientDMUs, and don't able to discriminant between ecient DMUs. On the other hand, the observedvalues of the input and output data in real-life problems are sometimes imprecise or vague, suchas interval data, ordinal da...