Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a severe disease of cruciferous crops that causes large hypertrophic galls in the roots. The plant microbiome is important for growth promotion and disease suppression. In this study, using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing techniques, we compared the endosphere microbiome of symptomatic and asymptomatic B. napus roots infe...

This paper argues that health promotion needs to develop an approach to evaluation and effectiveness that values qualitative methodologies. It posits the idea that qualitative research could learn from the experience of quantitative researchers and promote more useful ways of measuring effectiveness by the use of intermediate and indirect indicators. It refers to a European-wide project designe...

We model personnel policies in public agencies, examining how wages and promotion standards can partially offset a fundamental contracting problem: the inability of public sector workers to contract on performance, and the inability of political masters to contract on forbearance from meddling. Despite the dual contracting problem, properly constructed personnel policies can encourage intrinsic...

We model personnel policies in public agencies, examining how wages and promotion standards can partially offset a fundamental contracting problem: the inability of public sector workers to contract on performance, and the inability of political masters to contract on forbearance from meddling. Despite the dual contracting problem, properly constructed personnel policies can encourage intrinsic...

The ideological and political construction of curriculum is an important way to promote the reform education in colleges universities, solve "isolated island" dilemma improve universities. We should take problem as guidance, clarify internal rationale from theory practice, build a collaborative community, excavate elements curriculum, mutually integrated interconnected system, interactive quali...

A crucial personnel decision employers face is whether to fill a limited number of managerial positions with internal hires or external recruits. We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of this decision and how it relates to wage setting and the provision of general training. The theoretical framework is a promotion tournament involving M competing firms with heterogeneous productivitie...

Leadership Education for Advancement and Promotion (LEAP) is an initiative at the University of Colorado at Boulder that was funded by the National Science Foundation’s ADVANCE program from 2002 through 2008. Through ADVANCE, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has supported over two dozen US universities to undertake “institutional transformation” (IT) to enhance the representation and advan...