An organization is made up of people interacting for common objectives, in a given structure (may be rather formal in the case of a company, an administration, or an institution, or rather informal in the case of an interest community or a practice community), in an internal environment, and with an external environment. Based on definitions of Grundstein (2004) and O’Leary (1998), we define kn...

This paper provides a conceptual framework for analysing trust and power in the internal relationships of the organization. It adopts a neo-institutionalist view focussing on the structural inventory and the social embeddedness of the organization in the process of developing trust between its individual members. It is suggested that, based on specific combinations of factors rooted in the inte...

So far, incentive theory has been mainly motivated by and applied to private organizations. Yet, in view of the important role played by civil servants and politicians in our economies, it is worth asking what differentiates a corporate executive and a government official. The first part of the paper discusses some specificities of the design of incentives in the public sector: Multiplicity of ...

Sections of mitochondria in Paramecium and Euplotes present a consistent pattern. The mitochondrion in these cells can be conceived of as a twisted mass of closely compacted tubules. Two general kinds of substances can be recognized: the electron-dense that borders the lumen of the tubule, and the less dense that forms the continuum. In sections of mitochondria in rat kidney and snail oviduct, ...

to create values in the working environment and to achieve the organizational aims, organizations have to manage their elements with specific alignment.in principle, different departments of organizations are put together with specific arrangements and tasks in order to create value for the stakeholders .it has been proven that creating value and the outcome of an organization has a direct rela...