Glutamate activates a class of receptors coupled to G-proteins that initiate second messenger cascades, change ion channel function, cause release of calcium from intracellular stores, and produce long-term changes in synaptic strength. We used the CA3 region of the adult rat hippocampal slice to evaluate group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation on epileptiform activity and th...

The modulatory role played by purinergic mechanisms on the epileptiform discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine (4AP, 50 microM) in juvenile (10 to 25-day-old) rat hippocampal slices was studied with field potential recordings in the CA3 stratum radiatum. 4AP-induced activity consisted of interictal and ictal discharges along with isolated gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated potentials. The adenosin...

EEG recording in the intensive care setting presents a number of technical challenges. It is essential to differentiate artifact from pathophysiologic EEG changes that would suggest encephalopathy, epileptiform activity, or seizures. There are particular patterns typical of deepening encephalopathy, as well as, coma patterns that have diagnostic and prognostic significance (e.g., spindle coma, ...

OBJECTIVE In the present experimental study, we examined the compositions of brain oscillations and their temporal behavior in broad frequency band (0.5-30 Hz) in interictal EEG without epileptiform abnormalities during generalized epilepsy in resting conditions. METHODS The exact compositions of brain oscillations and their percent ratio were assessed by a probability-classification analysis...

EEG with co-registered electrocardiography was recorded during at least two interictal epileptiform EEG discharges in each of 11 patients who later suffered from sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and from another 11 age and sex matched patients, also with uncontrolled tonic-clonic seizures, drawn from the same centre who were still alive at the time of investigation (non-SUDEPs). A c...

Correspondence to: Dr Shelagh Smith, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ, UK; [email protected] _________________________ T he human electroencephalogram (EEG) was discovered by the German psychiatrist, Hans Berger, in 1929. Its potential applications in epilepsy rapidly became clear, when Gibbs and colleagues in Boston demonstrated 3 per second spike wave ...

The diagnosis of epilepsy heavily depends on the detection of epileptiform discharges in interictal EEG, the EEG in between two seizures. By visual analysis a physician wants to detect these epileptiform discharges (spikes). Due to the wide variety of morphologies of epileptiform discharges, and their similarity to waves that are part of normal EEG or to artifacts, this detection is far from st...

We studied single-event and average BOLD responses to EEG interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) in four patients with focal epilepsy, using continuous EEG-fMRI during 80-min sessions. The detection of activated areas was performed by comparing the BOLD signal at each voxel to a model of the expected signal. Since little is known about the BOLD response to IEDs, we modeled it with the response ...