Prokaryotes encode adaptive immune systems, called CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated), to provide resistance against mobile invaders, such as viruses and plasmids. Host immunity is based on incorporation of invader DNA sequences in a memory locus (CRISPR), the formation of guide RNAs from this locus, and the degradation of cognate invader DN...

New prophylactic approaches are needed to control infection with the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To develop these, greater understanding of protective immunity against S. aureus infection is needed. Human immunity to extracellular Gram-positive bacterial pathogens is primarily mediated by opsonic killing ...

One of the main problems in modern wireless electronic communication networks is transmission and reception signals multipath propagation. Due to imperfect impulse response channel, frequency-selective fading transmitted signal occurs. This can cause waveform distortion inter-symbol interference, which seriously degrade performance system. Thus, increasing noise immunity real-world conditions o...

This paper reviews the most common sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) with cochlear implants (CI). Particular attention will be given to the description of the mechanisms of electromagnetic interaction with CI; main disturbances caused to CI; relevant scientific investigations; and existing requirements and tests for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) immunity applicable to CI.

Intelligent sensors with integrated digital signal processing are becoming the trend in an increasing number of applications. There are considerable valuable advantages do to the interference immunity resulting in higher repeatability, durability and reliability. And because this technology does not involve higher manufacturing costs, it’s merely a matter of time before “digital” will also domi...

High-frequency electromagnetic fields in the 120 kHz band emitted from card readers for access control systems caused abnormally high doses on electronic pocket dosimeters (EPDs). All EPDs recovered their normal performance by resetting after the exposure ceased. The electric and magnetic immunity levels of the EPDs were estimated by using the distances needed to prevent electromagnetic interfe...

In this paper a peak power reduction scheme by pulse repetition for an ultra-wide band (UWB) impulse radio (IR) system is experimentally examined for interference immunity to RF sensitive systems such as medical devices. The effectiveness of the scheme is shown in terms of an improvement of bit error rate (BER) performance. keywordsUWB, repetition, experiment

Epidemiological determinants of successful vaccine development were explored using measurable biological variables including antigenic stability and requirement of T-cell immunity. Employing a logistic regression model, we demonstrate that a high affinity with blood and immune cells and pathogen interactions (e.g. interference) would be the risk factors of failure for vaccine development.

Current measles vaccines suffer from poor effectiveness in young infants due primarily to the inhibitory effect of residual maternal immunity on vaccine responses. The development of a measles vaccine that resists such passive immunity would strongly contribute to the stalled effort toward measles eradication. In this concise communication, we show that a measles virus (MV) with enhanced hemagg...

In terms of high-current measurement capacitors, PCB Rogowski coils have attracted much attention because their small size and easy installation. However, they are vulnerable to electromagnetic interference. order improve the immunity coil, this paper studies influence structure parameter changes double-layer coil on accuracy mutual inductance. By testing frequency response four common structur...