Understanding the degree of cannibalization and competition in online and offline markets is important to firms’ product line designs. However, few empirical studies have measured both effects simultaneously or have examined the factors that determine the extent of cannibalization and competition. In this study, we develop an empirical model to identify cannibalization and competition effects s...

Abstract A Pythagorean fuzzy set is very effective mathematical framework to represent parameter-wise imprecision which the property of linguistic communication. soft graph more potent than intuitionistic as well it depicts interactions among objects a system using membership grades with respect different parameters. This article addresses content competition graphs economic like k -competition...

results inter-observer agreement of the pathology scores based on nas scoring system was acceptable for steatosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis, but not for hepatocyte ballooning. the intra-observer agreement was acceptable in all scales, with lowest intra-class correlation observed for lobular inflammation. materials and methods the anonymous liver biopsy samples of 100 consecutive nafld...

In the intertidal fish Bathygobius ramosus, larger males are more likely to reproduce than smaller ones due to male-male interactions and female preferences. Additionally, larger males are favored in foraging via intra-specific and inter-specific competition. Activity performance is also an important function associated with the ability to perform courtship, male-male interactions, and parental...

Interactions between tree species determine the dynamics of forest communities. Spatial and temporal changes in resource availability, variation composition spatial distribution trees may alter competitive interactions and, therefore, affect growth productivity. In this study, we analyzed intra inter-specific European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) southern Italy (Moli...

Objective: An experiment was conducted at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center in the production season of 2013/14 and 2014/15 with the objective of identifying the best combination of intra and inter-row spacing for optimum plant population density of stevia. Methods: The experiment was conducted using five intra-row spacing (20cm, 25cm, 30cm, 35cm, and 40...