Theories are a collection of connected ideas that provide an organized, explanatory, and predictive perspective phenomenon (an observable fact or event). Concepts, definitions, models, assertions, assumptions form the basis theories. They derived using deductive inductive reasoning as their two primary methodologies. Nursing thinkers use these approaches. "A creative rigorous structuring projec...

background: workplace stress is known to be related with many behavioral and disease outcomes. however, little is known about its prospective relationship with measures of cognitive decline. objective: to investigate the association of job strain, psychological demands and job control on cognitive decline. methods: participants from framingham offspring cohort (n=1429), were assessed on job str...

A model of the functional and anatomical basis of belief reasoning is essential for understanding the relationship between belief reasoning and other cognitive processes in both normal development and pathology. Studies of brain-damaged patients can give valuable insights into the nature of belief processing but pose unique methodological problems. The current study addresses these problems by ...

Using older adults and dual-task interference, we examined performance on two social reasoning tasks: theory of mind (ToM) tasks and versions of the deontic selection task involving social contracts and hazardous conditions. In line with performance accounts of social reasoning, evidence from both aging and the dual-task method suggested that domain-general resources contribute to performance o...

In their discussion of young children's deontic reasoning performance, Astington and Dack (2013) made the following claims: (1) Children need more cues to elicit cogent social norm reasoning than adults require, namely, explicit reference to authority; (2) Deontic reasoning improves with age, and this is evidence against a nativist view; (3) All evolutionary explanations of deontic reasoning ad...

Repeat offenders are commonly given more severe sentences than first-time offenders for the same violations. Though this practice makes intuitive sense, the theory behind escalating penalties is disputed in both legal and economic theories. Here we investigate folk intuitions concerning the moral and intentional status of actions performed by people with positive versus negative prior records. ...

10 Neuroscience research indicates that moral reasoning is underpinned by distinct 11 neural networks including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), amygdala, 12 and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which support communication between 13 computational systems underlying the affective states, cognitions, and motivational 14 processes. To characterize real time neural processing underpin...

Neuroscience research indicates that moral reasoning is underpinned by distinct neural networks including the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which support communication between computational systems underlying affective states, cognitions, and motivational processes. To characterize real-time neural processing underpinning moral computat...

The goal of this thesis is to study the issue of rational BDI learning agents, situated in a multi-agent system. A rational agent can be defined as a cognitive entity endowed with intentional attitudes, e.g., beliefs, desires, and intentions (BDI). First, we study the concepts of agency and practical reasoning, allowing agents to induce from their intentional attitudes, a behavior identified as...