A noise reduction scheme for long haul fiber amplitude modulation (AM) systems is proposed and analyzed. Such systems suffer from intensity noise which results from interference between the (twice) Rayleigh scattered light and the directly transmitted beam. This interference converts the fundamental phase noise of the laser to intensity noise. We show that a strong phase modulation of the outpu...

PURPOSE Physical exercises are employed as part of the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however information regarding cardiac autonomic modulation after an acute session of resistance exercise (RE) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac autonomic modulation, via heart rate variability after an acute session of RE applied at differen...

The mechanism and characteristics of spectral polarization imaging technique are presented. The present research and developing trend of spectral polarization remote sensing are introduced. A novel method of spectral polarization imaging technique is discussed, which is based on static intensity modulation adding with double refraction crystal spectrometer. The static intensity modulation consi...

This paper presents modeling and simulation on the characteristics of semiconductor laser modulated within a strong optical feedback (OFB-)induced photon-photon resonance over a passband of millimeter (mm) frequencies. Continuous wave (CW) operation of the laser under strong OFB is required to achieve the photon-photon resonance in the mm-wave band. The simulated time-domain characteristics of ...

Wavelength reuse in a bidirectional radio-over-fiber link is proposed and demonstrated based on the cross-gain modulation (XGM) and the cross-polarization modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). With a polarization beam splitter placed at the remote antenna unit, the polarization-modulated signal generated at the SOA is converted into noninverted and inverted intensity-modulated ...

We review state-of-the-art intensity-modulation direct-detection (IMDD) analog optical links, focusing on advances since 1990. We contrast direct and external modulation with respect to gain, noise figure (NF), and dynamic-range (DR) performance.

Background and Aim: Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death occurring by a series of intercellular messages which is associated with tissue structure remodeling. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interactive effects of reducing exercise intensity and Adiantum capillus veneris extract on remodeling and modulation of pulmonary apoptotic indices of the rats exposed to th...

Sexual arousal can be viewed as an emotional state generating sex-specific autonomic and general somatic motor system responses that prepare for sexual action. In the present study modulation of spinal tendious (T) reflexes by sexual films of varying intensity was investigated. T reflexes were expected to increase as a function of increased film intensity. Through use of a between-subjects desi...

The current increase in data-centers traffic and cloud-based services presents a formidable challenge for optical interconnects. We examine these challenges, and review recent breakthroughs in advanced modulation formats formats for intensity modulation – direct detection. OCIS codes: (060.2360) Fiber optics links and subsystems; (060.4250) Networks; (060.4080) Modulation