Centralized biogas plant (CBP) provides an attractive solution to the energy supply for district heating, electric loads, and residential cooking in remote areas via a local delivery network. To overcome challenges of biomass availability CBPs, integrated expansion planning model is proposed this paper. The makes investment decisions on sequential power distribution networks uses constrained tr...

this paper considers the spatial planning system in russian federation. study of spatial planning system of russia specifies three different stages from each other. the first phase consists of the sixteenth century until the early twentieth century. in this period, base of the spatial planning was formed and gradually developed during approximately 400 years. the next phase is devoted to soviet...

Today, the electricity power system is the most complicated engineering system has ever been made. The integrated power generating stations with power transmission lines has created a network, called complex power network. The reliability estimation of such complex power networks is a very challenging problem, as one cannot find any immediate solution methods in current literature. In this pape...

In recent years, significant research efforts have been devoted to the optimal planning of power systems. Substation Expansion Planning (SEP) as a sub-system of power system planning consists of finding the most economical solution with the optimal location and size of future substations and/or feeders to meet the future load demand. The large number of design variables and combination of discr...

A novel integrated optimization method is proposed to combine both generation and transmission line expansion problem considering bus voltage limit. Most of the existing researches on the combined generation and transmission expansion planning cannot consider bus voltages and reactive power flow limits because they are mostly based on the DC power flow model. In this paper the AC power flow mod...

The issue of unit commitment is one of the most important economic plans in power system. In modern and traditional power systems, in addition to being economical of the planning, the issue of security in unit operation is also of great importance. Hence power system operation confronts units’ participation and input considering network security constrains. The issue of units’ participation is ...

Trigeneration is a booming power production technology where three energy commodities are simultaneously produced in a single integrated process. Electric power, heat (e.g. hot water) and cooling (e.g. chilled water) are three typical energy commodities in the trigeneration system. The production of three energy commodities follows a joint characteristic. This paper presents a Lagrangian relaxa...