Full-length cDNAs play an essential role in identifying genes and determining their promoter regions. Here we describe a simple method for constructing a full-length cDNA library, which has the following advantages: (i) it consists of only three steps including direct ligation between a vector and a cDNA strand using T4 RNA ligase, (ii) it contains neither a PCR process generating mutations nor...

The complement system, a well-characterised arm of the innate immune system, significantly influences the adaptive immune response via direct cell-cell interaction and maintenance of lymphoid organ architecture. Development of vaccines is a major advance in modern health care. In this review, we highlight the importance of the marginal zone in response to both, polysaccharide and conjugated vac...

To communicate, children must discriminate and identify speech sounds. Because visual speech plays an important role in this process, we explored how visual speech influences phoneme discrimination and identification by children. Critical items had intact visual speech (e.g. bæz) coupled to non-intact (excised onsets) auditory speech (signified by /-b/æz). Children discriminated syllable pairs ...

Childhood-symptom factors were assessed for a sample of 43 male children, initially diagnosed as schizophrenic during the young-adult period, in terms of their relationship to parental factors. The parental factors plus additional family variables not derived by factor analysis were evaluated as predictors of outcome over a 22-year period extending from early to middle adulthood. Two maternal f...

Isometric developed tension and rate of development of tension in the in situ atrium of the anesthetized dog have been shown to increase consistently with increasing heart rate over a wide range. This study thus definitely demonstrates that both the ascending and descending staircase effects occur in the dog atrium in situ. At high cardiac rates the velocity of force development may increase wi...

The action of the enzyme tyrosinase on proteins has recently been made the subject of a study by Sizer (1). He has claimed that among a variety of proteins tested those which contained tyrosine could be oxidized by tyrosinase either directly or after pretreatment with trypsin. The proteins most susceptible to the action of tyrosinase were said to be the proteolytic enzymes chymotrypsin, trypsin...

Mitochondria from green leaves of spinach have been prepared using a three-step procedure involving differential centrifugation, partition in an aqueous dextran polyethylene glycol two-phase system and Percoll gradient centrifugation. The mitochondrial fractions after the different steps of purification were compared. The final mitochondrial preparation was totally free from chloroplast materia...

Existing work for processing keyword searches on graph data focuses on efficiency of result generation. However, being oblivious to user search intention, a query result may contain multiple instances of user search target, and multiple query results may contain information for the same instance of user search target. With the misalignment between query results and search targets, a ranking fun...

Physical exercise is linked to individuals whose affect profiles are invariably positive and it induces anti-apoptotic and anti-excitotoxic effects, buttressing blood-brain barrier intactness in both healthy individuals and those suffering from disorders accompanying overweight and obesity. In this regard, exercise offers a unique non-pharmacologic, non-invasive intervention that incorporates d...

Rob is a member of the Sox/Mar subfamily of AraC/XylS-type transcriptional regulators implicated in bacterial multidrug, heavy metal, superoxide, and organic solvent resistance phenotypes. We demonstrate that, in Salmonella enterica, Rob overexpression upregulates the transcription of mgtA, which codes for the MgtA Mg2+ transporter. mgtA was previously characterized as a member of the Mg2+-modu...