conclusions our study indicated a high frequency of cotrimoxazole resistance gene in e. coli isolates from ilam and tehran (milad) hospitals, and sul genes had a major role in cotrimoxazole resistance of these isolates. materials and methods one-hundred and forty-four e. coli isolates were identified during march 2007 to april 2012 at ilam hospitals and milad (tehran) hospital. antibiotic susce...

BACKGROUND The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV) infection in humans, and DENV is the most important arbovirus across most of the subtropics and tropics worldwide. The early time periods after infection with DENV define critical cellular processes that determine ultimate success or failure of the virus to establish infection in the mosquito. METHODS AND RESUL...

AIM To determine if temporary discontinuation of epoetin therapy in anemic patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) influences their responsiveness to epoetin. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of the data from two consecutive single-center randomized trials (T1 and T2) comparing the efficacy of two epoetin products (E1 and E2) in anemic patients with ESRD. The analysis included a ...

One way to increase yields in agriculture using organic alternative methods is the introduction of manure-based composts into soil. However, use such carries a risk soil contamination with antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) from gut and manure livestock. The heavy metals or antibiotics can this risk, while addition porous materials, as biochar, has potential decrease it. This study devoted revea...

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) intensive (INT) sessions are critical for the rapid determination and densification of Universal Time 1-Coordinate (UT1-UTC), which plays an important role in satellite geodesy space exploration missions is not predictable over longer time scales. Due to limited observation geometry INT with two three stations observing about 1 hr, tropospheric gradients...

BACKGROUND High levels of multidrug resistance are usually associated with mobile genetic elements that encode specific resistance genes. Integrons are important genetic elements involved in spreading antibiotic multi-resistance. In special cases, large exogenous segments in bacterial genomes form genomic islands, and one of the functions of these genomic islands is antibiotic resistance. Due t...