The problem on measurement of power and energy in single-phase and three-phase networks is always very important. The accuracy and precision of measurement is of equal importance for both manufacturers and consumers. The general problem is to determine the uncertainty of the energy produced in a specified power station and delivered to different consumers. Measuring instruments used for energy ...

This paper presents the first prototype of an active hand-held instrument to sense and compensate physiological tremor and other unwanted movement during vitreoretinal microsurgery. The instrument incorporates six inertial sensors (three accelerometers and three rate gyros) to detect motion of the handle. The movement of the instrument tip in three dimensions is then obtained using appropriate ...

OBJECTIVE To help facilitate economic evaluations of oncology treatments, we mapped responses on cancer-specific instrument to generic preference-based measures. METHODS Cancer patients (n = 367) completed one cancer-specific instrument, the FACT-G, and two preference-based measures, the EQ-5D and SF-6D. Responses were randomly divided to form development (n = 184) and cross-validation (n = 1...

The aim of this paper was twofold: first, to present a virtual instrument for characterization of the cataract severity in the lens of the eye, based on the indirect measurements of ultrasound attenuation coefficient, second, to evaluate the instrument in vitro by assessment of measurement errors in case of the four different phantoms with a priory known characteristics (pure water, castor oil,...

Virtual instruments provide task-specific uncertainty evaluation in surface and dimensional metrology. We demonstrate the first virtual coherence scanning interferometer that can accurately predict results from measurements of surfaces with complex topography using a specific real instrument. The instrument is powered by physical models derived principles, including surface-scattering models, t...

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the instruments used to obtain anesthesia-specific patient satisfaction data and to determine the degree to which each instrument controlled for measurement error bias, such as poor survey design. By using an assessment and evaluation tool developed for the present study that held proven internal reliability and construct validity, we analy...

In situ observation of the aerosol optical properties is important to the validations of satellite and modeling results; however, the operational measurements can be affected by some objective factors. An experiment study has been performed in order to analyze the error in retrievals of aerosol optical properties from sunphotometer measurements caused by a variety of in situ objective factors. ...

The Ohara glass S-FTM16 is of considerable interest for near-infrared optical designs because it transmits well through the K band and because negative S-FTM16 elements can be used to accurately achromatize positive calcium fluoride elements in refractive collimators and cameras. Glass manufacturers have sophisticated equipment to measure the refractive index at room temperature, but cannot typ...

An impressive array of paper has been devoted to the reliability properties and the hazard rates of the order statistics along with IFR (increasing failure rate) and DFR (decreasing failure rate) property. However, studies relating to the Bayesian estimation on the repairable system along with IFR property of the failure time distribution and on the repair time distributions have received compa...