To define more precisely the inoculation methods to be used in the oxacillin screen test for Staphylococcus aureus, we tested agar screen plates prepared in house with 6 microg of oxacillin/ml and 4% NaCl using the four different inoculation methods that would most likely be used by clinical laboratories. The organisms selected for testing were 19 heteroresistant mecA-producing strains and 41 n...

The majority of microorganisms from natural environments cannot be grown in the laboratory. The diffusion-chamber-based approach is an alternative method that allows microorganisms to grow in their natural environment. An inoculum is sandwiched between semipermeable (0.03-mum-pore-size) membranes of the chamber, which is then returned to the source environment. The chamber allows for a free exc...

This paper, for the first time, describes the development of a microbial biocathode for hydrogen production that is based on a naturally selected mixed culture of electrochemically active micro-organisms. This is achieved through a three-phase biocathode startup procedure that effectively turned an acetate- and hydrogen-oxidizing bioanode into a hydrogen-producing biocathode by reversing the po...

After tip (b) has been calibrated to deliver a known amount of water per minute, only one adjustment need be made thereafter in the apparatus, namely the length of tube (a), which projects into bottle B. Since (a) has been calibrated to contact known levels of water in B, this adjustment is simply performed. In order to re-use the apparatus, the rubber stopper in B with its attached tubes, toge...

Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, CODA-CERVA-VAR, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisbur...

Earlier experiments have shown that the evolution of postponed senescent populations can be achieved by selection on either demographic or stress resistance characters. Both types of selection have produced results in which survival characters (stress resistance and longevity) have apparently traded-off against early-life fecundity. Here we present the results of a series of experiments in whic...

abstract the objective of this study was to assess the effects of few arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the growth and yield indices of two wheat varieties in a saline soil (ec=10/1 dsm-1). a factorial experiment with completely randomized design with four replications was conducted to investigate the effects of three levels of fungal inoculation (non inoc...

Isolation, cultivation and growth characteristic stu dies on the ICRC bacillus have been reported in a series of publications since 1958 ( 1. ~. (; ). Pathogenicity of the cultivated organism was fi rst discussed in 1962 (V) . The experimental work of ten years on human leprosy was later reviewed at a Ciba Foundation Study Group Meeting in London (S). The present report describes and discusses ...

Early in the 18 century, variolation (referred to then as ‘inoculation’) was introduced to Britain and New England to protect people likely to be at risk of infection with smallpox. This triggered a number of important developments. Among them were early examples of what we refer to today as ‘evidence-based medicine’ – immunization, and quantitative measures of disease severity. Establishing th...

The antifungal action of different concentrations of white-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) against Candida albicans was assessed in vitro. Fresh mix of MTA was prepared at concentrations varying from 0.78 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml by dilution with 10 ml molten agar at 45 degrees C. The MTA-agar compound was thoroughly mixed and the uniform mix was then poured into sterile Petri dishes and allo...