The existing analysis of the Crowds anonymity protocol assumes that a participating member is either ‘honest’ or ‘corrupted’. This paper generalises this analysis so that each member is assumed to maliciously disclose the identity of other nodes with a probability determined by her vulnerability to corruption. Within this model, the trust in a principal is defined to be the probability that she...

This article examines the two categories that have evolved in literature concerning Innocence Projects; pedagogical value of innocence work and problems with associating term English criminal justice process. research draws upon a study undertaken 2017 by Project London (unpublished) another 2020. Both studies sought to understand extent which organisations are undertaking England Wales. is wri...

in his mushkilat al-hadith, yahya muhammad denies knowledge and innocence of shiite imams through presenting such proofs as the way companions of later shiite imams dealt with the issue of imama, formation of various shi‘a sects, perplexity and dispute of shiites as to imama of the next imam in every era, not presenting al-kafi to four vicegerents of the twelfth imam, and lack of belief in the ...

In 1970, the Supreme Court handed down a decision in North Carolina v. Alford that has since allowed defendants who do not wish to risk their fates at trial to plead guilty while simultaneously asserting their innocence. Although "Alford pleas" have remained unexamined by researchers, the increasing number of identified wrongful convictions of those factually innocent highlights the need for an...

This paper examines the compliance of Spanish crime reporting with principles 2016 EU Directive on presumption innocence, which aims at preventing publication information that might bias public and jurors against suspect. A content analysis applied to a sample 200 news stories published by eleven most popular print online platforms in 2018 reveals press coverage is centered around pre-trial sen...