Based on observations since the early days, associations between parts of the body and specific zang-fu organ systems have been described in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The gall-bladder (GB) and small intestine (SI) are two such organ systems which share intimate relation with the ear from the TCM perspective [1]. The meridians of these 2 organ systems are linked by the Sanjiao (SJ) mer...

Based on observations since the early days, associations between parts of the body and specific zang-fu organ systems have been described in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The gall-bladder (GB) and small intestine (SI) are two such organ systems which share intimate relation with the ear from the TCM perspective [1]. The meridians of these 2 organ systems are linked by the Sanjiao (SJ) mer...

Commonly affected anomalies are anorectal malformations (imperforate anus, anteriorly placed anus, anal stenosis), hand malformations (preaxial polydactyly, triphalangeal thumb, bifid thumb), external ear malformations (microtia, “satyr” or “lop” ear, preauricular tag or pits) with sensorineural hearing loss, and renal malformations. In addition, intellectual disability, learning problems, and ...

The authors used high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for studying 52 congenitally malformed ears in 45 children between five and 10 years of age. In six children the malformations were bilateral. The malformations clinically manifested as microtia, atresia of the external auditory canal and conductive deafness. Analyzing anatomical details and pathological changes on HRCT axial sec...

The literature regarding arteriovenous malformations of the external ear is sparse. A case of a patient clinically diagnosed with an arteriovenous malformation of the external ear that was managed empirically with surgical excision, without recurrence, is presented. The pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiological work up and management options regarding arteriovenous malformations are rev...

OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of an intraoperative perilymph fluid gusher during cochlear implantation on speech perception abilities in pediatric patients with labyrinthine anomalies. SETTING Tertiary care academic referral center. METHODS Seventy subjects with labyrinthine malformations who received a cochlear implant were identified in our pediatric cochlear implant database. In 30 cas...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the main ear malformations, hearing loss and auditory rehabilitation in children with Treacher Collins syndrome. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 9 children with Treacher Collins syndrome treated in a central hospital between January 2003 and January 2013. RESULTS This study showed a high incidence of malformations of the outer and ...

Tbx1 belongs to the family of T-box containing transcription factors. In humans, TBX1 is implicated in the etiology of the DiGeorge syndrome. Inactivation of the Tbx1 gene in mice produces a variety of malformations including abnormal branching of the heart outflow tract, deficiencies in the branchial arch derivatives, agenesis of pharyngeal glands and abnormal development of the auditory syste...

the authors used high-resolution computed tomography (hrct) for studying 52 congenitally malformed ears in 45 children between five and 10 years of age. in six children the malformations were bilateral. the malformations clinically manifested as microtia, atresia of the external auditory canal and conductive deafness. analyzing anatomical details and pathological changes on hrct axial sections ...

Heterozygous Twirler (Tw) mice develop obesity and circling behavior associated with malformations of the inner ear, whereas homozygous Tw mice have cleft palate and die shortly after birth. Zeb1 is a zinc finger protein that contributes to mesenchymal cell fate by repression of genes whose expression defines epithelial cell identity. This developmental pathway is disrupted in inner ears of Tw/...