In conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control, the integral term occupies a significant amount of controller memory, which prolongs calculation time. The easily leads to overshooting and oscillation, while derivative reduces controller's anti-interference ability. view these problems, PID expression with recurrence relationship was derived, differential terms model were improve...

To realize site-specific and variable-rate application of agricultural pesticides, accurately metering and controlling the chemical injection rate is necessary. This study presents a prototype of a direct nozzle injection system (DNIS) by which chemical concentration transport lag was greatly reduced. In this system, a rapid-reacting solenoid valve (RRV) was utilized for injecting chemicals, dr...

Gravity drainage is one of the important recovery mechanisms in fractured carbonate and conventional reservoirs. It occurs due to density difference between the gas in fracture and the oil in matrix as well as in conventional tilted reservoirs. Oil phase will form films which are produced under gravity forces (film flow). Many gas injection experiments have been done on laboratory scales with d...

To help understand the complex fuel spray combustion phenomena in modern diesel engine using high injection pressure, a fuel injection test bench and a constant volume combustion chamber were developed and demonstrated in this study for diesel spray diagnostics. Both facilities are significant when linking between spray injection and combustion dynamics and engine performance. This link is impo...

Testing application behavior in the presence of I/O failures is extremely difficult. The resources used for testing usually work without failure. Failures typically cannot be initiated on the test suite level and are usually not tested sufficiently. Essentially, each interaction of the application with the environment can result in a failure. The Enforcer tool identifies such potential failures...

The difficulties to assess reliability of systems that use COTS components are sometimes compounded by the inaccessibility of some COTS codes. This paper develops an approach of Perturbation of Interface Parameters (PIP) to simulate failures of COTS components. It is to validate the use of PIP as a fault-injection technique to test COTS components and surrounding systems. Tests of a nuclear pro...

This paper studies banks’decision whether to borrow from the interbank market or to sell assets in order to cover liquidity shortage in presence of credit risk. The following trade-off arises. On the one hand, tradable assets decrease the cost of liquidity management. On the other hand, uncertainty about credit risk of tradable assets might spread from the secondary market to the interbank mark...