A tunnel-oxide-free GaN-based non-volatile memory (NVM) device is proposed to untangle the trilemma among speed, retention, and endurance in implementation of conventional NVM. The program erase (P/E) are based on bipolar charge injection controlled by individual junction barriers, whereas data retention relies trapping an interfacial storage layer. wide bandgap energy GaN allows formation deep...

In 2 O 3 : Er films have been synthesized on silicon substrates by RF magnetron sputter deposition. The currents through the metal/oxide/semiconductor (MOS) structures (Si/In Er/In-contact) measured for n and p type conductivity described within model of majority carrier thermoemission barrier, with bias voltage correction to potential drop. electron hole injection barriers between substrate fi...

abstractgene therapy is a therapeutic approach to deliver genetic material into cells to alter their function in entire organism. one promising form of gene delivery system (dds) is liposomes. the success of liposome-mediated gene delivery is a multifactorial issue and well-designed liposomal systems might lead to optimized gene transfection particularly in vivo. liposomal gene delivery systems...

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a normal inhabitant of the human respiratory tract. However it is an increasingly recognized pathogen in invasive infections, particularly in the immunocompromised host and where there is disruption of the normal skin or mucosal barriers. We present a case of a 56-year-old female with a history of asplenia who developed H. parainfluenzae septic arthritis of the hip...

The efficacy of drug delivery to the posterior segment by systemic, local or topical routes is hindered by the blood-retinal barrier, tight intercellular junctions and scantly vascularized spaces. Although intravitreal injection has proved effective for delivery of therapeutic agents into the vitreous cavity and retina, it is impractical for frequent or sustained dosing. Intravitreal sustained ...

BACKGROUND Injection drug users (IDU) commonly seek manual assistance with illicit drug injections, a practice known to be associated with various health-related harms. We investigated the social structural factors that shape risks related to assisted injection and the harms that may result. METHODS Twenty semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with IDU enrolled in the ACCESS o...

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic and terminal disease frequently do not talk to their physicians about end-of-life care. Interventions to improve this communication have generally been unsuccessful, suggesting that important barriers to this communication must exist. OBJECTIVES To determine the barriers to and facilitators of patient-clinician communication about end-of-life care and to ident...

BACKGROUND Subcutaneous self-injection of medication has benefits for the patient and healthcare system, but there are barriers such as dexterity problems and injection anxiety that can prevent self-injection being used effectively. An accurate method of evaluating patients' experiences with self-injection would enable assessment of their success in giving self-injections and the likelihood of ...