Two types of phonological variation in Dutch, resulting from optional rules, are schwa epenthesis and schwa deletion. In a lexical decision experiment it was investigated whether the phonological variants were processed similarly to the standard forms. It was found that the two types of variation patterned differently. Words with schwa epenthesis were processed faster and more accurately than t...

French variable adjectives have traditionally been described as undergoing a process of final consonant deletion from the feminine to the masculine form. We review here different analyses that have been proposed to account for this phenomenon, highlighting problems with the theoretical analyses and advances in empirical work on the question. We present an analysis where, by default, French adje...

This study aimed to identify the phonological processes used by Cebuano children at free play. There were 15 from different age groups who studied: first group (1.0 - 1.6 years old); second (1.7 4.0 and third (4.1 7.0 old). The participants grouped according stages of Ingram David (1989). is 50-word phonology stage; single morphemes completion phonemic inventory stage. child-adult interactions ...

Eight experiments tested the hypothesis that infants' word segmentation abilities are reducible to familiar sound-pattern parsing regardless of actual word boundaries. This hypothesis was disconfirmed in experiments using the headturn preference procedure: 8.5-month-olds did not mis-segment a consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) word (e.g., dice) from passages containing the corresponding phonemic p...

Tahltan is an Athapaskan language with perhaps the world's only three-way consonant harmony system (dental, alveolar, and alveopalatal). Although most explanations have depended on feature analysis, Gafos [1] proposed that differences in tongue grooving could account for the pattern. Here, we use ultrasound to examine the initial plausibility of this argument by determining whether a language w...

Consonant-Vowel (CV) construction is the most frequent syllable in Bangla. The present study examine the acoustic properties of Bangla four labial stop consonants [p, ph, b and bh] in the initial position in a consonant-vowel context with seven following vowels /ɔ, a, e, æ, i, u, o/. Bangla is a type of language that uses aspiration as an addition feature to distinguish phoneme. Bangla labial s...

The links between spellings and sounds in a large set of English words with consonant-vowel-consonant phonological structure were examined. orthographic rimes, or units consisting of a vowel grapheme and a final consonant grapheme, had more stable pronunciations than either individual vowels or initial consonant-plus-vowel units. In 2 large-scale studies of word pronunciation, the consistency o...

Spelling of cross-linguistically very similar nonwords was compared in 115 Danish and 77 Icelandic children (primarily 3rd and 4th graders). Danish children made more errors than Icelandic children on word medial consonant doublets and on word initial consonant clusters, even when the groups compared were matched on simpler spelling tasks. These results suggest that the acquisition of phonemic ...

Natural, spontaneous speech (and even quite careful speech) often shows extreme reduction in many speech segments, even resulting in apparent deletion of consonants. Where the flap ([inverted J]) allophone of /t/ and /d/ is expected in American English, one frequently sees an approximant-like or even vocalic pattern, rather than a clear flap. Still, the /t/ or /d/ is usually perceived, suggesti...

The factors that influence native English speakers to make a consonant ambisyllabic is explored in 627 bisyllabic words. The /b/ in habit, for example, was considered ambisyllabic when a participant chose hab as the first part of the word, and later in the experiment, bit as the second. About 20% of the responses were ambisyllabic. For words such as rabbit with a single intervocalic consonant, ...