The development and cultivation of tomato cultivars that are resistant to the tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), are very limited in Iran and other parts of the world because of the lack of information about resistant tomato cultivars to minimize the use of insecticides. Therefore, the present study was carried out to identify alternative methods to chem...

In order to provide fundamental data required for dose evaluation due to environmental exposures, effective dose conversion coefficients, that is, the effective dose rate per unit activity per unit area, were calculated for a number of potentially important radionuclides, assuming an exponential distribution in ground, over a wide range of relaxation depths. The conversion coefficients were cal...

Fructose consumption and its implications on public health are currently under study. This work reviewed the metabolic fate of dietary fructose based on isotope tracer studies in humans. The mean oxidation rate of dietary fructose was 45.0% ± 10.7 (mean ± SD) in non-exercising subjects within 3-6 hours and 45.8% ± 7.3 in exercising subjects within 2-3 hours. When fructose was ingested together ...

BACKGROUND Acute alcohol intake is associated with changes in plasma lipid concentrations and whole-body lipid balances in humans. The quantitative roles of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and plasma acetate production in these changes have not been established, however. OBJECTIVE We used stable-isotope mass spectrometric methods with indirect calorimetry to establish the metabolic basis of...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the clinical effects of promethazine in overdose and explore the relationship between delirium and possible predictor variables. METHODS A case series of promethazine poisonings was identified from a prospective database of poisoning admissions to a regional toxicology service. Data were extracted including demographics, details of ingestion, cl...

PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive investigation of electron beam reference dosimetry using Monte Carlo simulations of the response of 10 plane-parallel and 18 cylindrical ion chamber types. Specific emphasis is placed on the determination of the optimal shift of the chambers' effective point of measurement (EPOM) and beam quality conversion factors. METHODS The EGSnrc system is used for calc...

Traditionally, radiation protection has focused on the radiation exposure of human beings. Recently, since the Rio Declaration emphasized the issue of sustainable development [1], the protection of the environment from the effects of ionizing radiations has become a key subject for all relevant international organizations in the field of radiation protection. There have been a number of interna...

One of the building blocks in Monte Carlo (MC) treatment planning is to convert patient CT data to MC compatible phantoms, consisting of density and media matrices. The resulting dose distribution is highly influenced by the accuracy of the conversion. Two major contributing factors are precise conversion of CT number to density and proper differentiation between air and lung. Existing tools do...