The effects of sulfation of yeast glucans was optimized using response surface methodology. The degree of sulfation was evaluated from 0.11 to 0.75 using ion-chromatography. The structural characteristics of SYG (sulfation of yeast glucans) with a DS = 0.75 were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/gel-permeation chromatography and finally by Fourier transform infrared spectr...

The improved cleanup of marine oil spills by stimulating biodegradation through the use of a slow-release fertilizer is reported. A paraffin-supported fertilizer containing MgNH4PO4 as active ingredient was developed and evaluated in laboratory and field experiments using quantitative infrared spectrometry and chromatographic techniques. The biodegradation of Sarir crude oil in the sea was cons...

Glycine is the simplest proteinaceous amino acid and is present in all life-forms on Earth. In aqueous solutions, it appears mainly as zwitterion glycine (+NH3CH2COO-); however, in solid phase, it may be found in amorphous or crystalline (α, β, and γ) forms. The crystalline forms differ from each other by the packing of zwitterions in the unitary cells and by the number of intermolecular hydrog...

New spectrophotometry from 1.5 to 2.5 /zm is reported for the Uranian satellites Titania, Oberon, and Umbriel. A spectrum of the rings of Uranus from 2.0 to 2.4/zm is also reported. No evidence is found for frost covering the surface of the ring material, consistent with the low albedo of the rings (P~ = 0.03) previously reported by Nicholson and Jones (1980). The surfaces of the satellites are...

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy and viscometry were applied to study the micellization of two bile lipids, sodium taurochenodeoxycholate (NaTCDC) and sodium glycocholate (NaGC), in aqueous solutions. The CH2 stretching bands of the bile lipid hydrocarbon region were shifted to higher frequencies suggesting initial critical micellization at 2.5 mM...

Fourteen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving an atazanavir (ATV)-based antiretroviral regimen developed complicated cholelithiasis. ATV was found in biliary calculi in 8 of 11 cases: infrared spectrometry analysis of calculi revealed that ATV made up a median of 89% (range, 10%-100%) of the total calculus composition. Development and management of ATV-associated chole...

Near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) is a new technique that allows continuous non-invasive monitoring of tissue oxygenation and haemodynamics in the brain. We used NIRS in various types of paediatric epileptic seizures in order to understand the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures in childhood epilepsy. This study examined 15 children ranging in age from 1.5 months to 16 years (nine males ...

The purpose of this research was to monitor the migration of formaldehyde from a polyethylene glycol (PEG) fill into the gelatin shell of a soft elastic gelatin capsule (SEGC) using near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry. SEGCs were filled with five solutions of aqueous formaldehyde in PEG (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40 v/v%), stored at ambient conditions for 48 hr, emptied, and scanned in NIR s...

The orientational characterisitics and the temperature dependencies of the molecular apparent tilt angle of a partly fluorinated chiral smectic liquid crystal (/S/)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl 4'-[6-(3,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-trifluoromethylbutylcarbonyloxy)hexyloxy] biphenyl-4-carboxylate (acronym MHPHFHHOBC) are studied using the polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. T...

References 11–71 can be found in Supplementary data online. 1. Goldstein JA. Angiographic plaque complexity: the tip of the unstable plaque iceberg. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1464–7. 2. Moreno PR, Muller JE. Identification of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques: a survey of spectroscopic methods. Curr Opin Cardiol 2002;17:638–47. 3. Jaffer FA, Verjans JW. Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis: cli...