present study is an extension of earlier work carried out on two-lane two way roads in the two provinces of pakistan i.e. n-25, n-55 and n-5 regarding the measure of operating speed and development of operating speed prediction models. curved sections of two-lane rural highways are the main location of run-off road accidents. in addition to that the road alignment having combination of geometri...

One of the most prominent approaches for speeding up reinforcement learning is injecting human prior knowledge into the learning agent. This paper proposes a novel method to speed up temporal difference learning by using state-action similarities. These handcoded similarities are tested in three well-studied domains of varying complexity, demonstrating our approach’s benefits.

This study assessed the relative effects of two intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) systems (informative and actively supporting) on simulated driving performance and acceptability in a sample of inexperienced and experienced drivers. Participants drove a series of simulated drives under three conditions: no ISA (control), ISA informative and ISAactively supporting. The informative systemsignifi...

This paper presents a qualitative common-sense model of gradient flow processes caused by concentration differences in a distributed parameter. A physical system is modelled by the spatial distributions of its parameters . Space is discretized into a pattern of regions according to the landmark values in the quantity space of each parameter. Gradient flow processes occur between adjacent region...

A challenge for search systems is to detect not only when an item is relevant to the user’s information need, but also when it contains something new which the user has not seen before. In the TREC novelty track, the task was to highlight sentences containing relevant and new information in a short, topical document stream. This is analogous to highlighting key parts of a document for another p...

Intense global competition in the tourism industry forces destinations to develop strong, unique and competitive destination brands. This is not an easy task since the sector is extremely fragmented and many images are beyond their control. This working paper explores the concept of destination brand communities which provides a platform for facilitating connectivity, trust building and decisio...

Hedenström and Alerstam (Hedenström and Alerstam, 1995) argued that different optimal air speeds can be identified for a migrating bird depending on whether the ‘currency’ that the bird is trying to maximise is distance per unit fuel energy used, average speed over one or several flight stages and stopovers, or various other possibilities. On the other hand, Alerstam and Hedenström (Alerstam an...

objective: to systematically identify the various methods of speed management and their effects. methods: a systematic search was performed in science direct, ovid medline, scopus, pubmed and proquest databases from april to june 2015. hand searching and reference of selected articles were used to improve article identification. articles published after 1990 which had reported on efficacy/effec...