In brane inflationary scenarios, the cosmological perturbations are supposed to originate from the vacuum fluctuations of the inflaton field corresponding to the position of the brane. We show that a significant, and possibly dominant, contribution to the curvature perturbation is generated at the end of inflation through the vacuum fluctuations of fields, other than the inflaton, which are lig...

In history, inflation has appeared many times. For example, the Recession. Also, GDP and deflation occur from time to time. However, there is little research about relationship between GDP. Therefore, this paper wants investigate how associated with no linear these two factors. Investment managers must discover a degree of awareness that aids their decision-making without overwhelming them supe...

The development of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) can be elicited by an immediate epidural balloon compression of the thoracic spinal cord. To evaluate whether a slower balloon inflation could prevent NPE development, we examined the extent of NPE in animals lesioned with a rapid (5 microl - 5 microl - 5 microl) or slow rate (3 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2 microl - 2...

in present paper, first the concept of informal economy and its place in the economic literature has been described. then the causes and factors involved in providing the informal sector was examined and the volume of informal economy was estimated. second, the effect of inflation on informal economy was surveyed. to estimate the volume of informal sector, residual discrepancy method was used a...

Evidence of smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) representations is found in two, out of three, time series of different measures of annual inflation in Colombia during this decade for monthly data. The STAR-type nonlinearities are asymmetric for inflation computed as the variation of CPI while for (a measure of ) core inflation are symmetric. Thus, LSTAR and ESTAR models were, respectively,...