background and aims. inferior alveolar nerve block injection is one of the common intra oral anesthetic techniques, with a failure rate of 15-20%. the aim of this study was to evaluate the position of the lingula as an index for this injection. materials and methods. thirty eight panoramic radiographs of 7–11 year old patients were analyzed and the distance between the lingula index and occlusa...

The anatomical relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) was studied in 76 embalmed corpses, 8 females and 68 males. In both sexes, the RLN lay more frequently between branches of the ITA.; it was found in this position in 47.3% of male corpses and 42.8% of female ones. On the right, RLN was found between branches of the ITA in 49.3% of the c...

background in spite of common usage of the inferior alveolar nerve block (ianb), this method has some well-defined restrictions. objectives the purpose of the present study was to compare these two techniques for the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. patients and methods a total of 44 similarly impacted lower third molars (22 patients with two similar teeth) were selected. in eac...

Inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN), which usually arises from vagus nerve, runs recurrent course and is called recurrent ILN (RILN). Intimate knowledge of normal and anatomic variants of the ILN reduces the risk of nerve injury and vocal cord paralysis in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The nonrecurrent ILN (NRILN) is a rare nerve anomaly that is associated with a right aberrant subclavian artery....

Introduction hyroid gland receives more blood per gram of tissue (5.5 ml/gm/min) than any other organ. 1 All blood is supplied by a number of arteries and drained by an even greater number of veins. Recurrent laryngeal nerve is intimately related with thyroid gland especially with inferior thyroid arteries. The diseases which usually affect the thyroid gland are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism,...

Location of origin cells of efferent fibers in the rabbit superior and inferior laryngeal nerves was investigated in association with their soma size, using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde labeling technique. The nucleus ambiguus (nA) of the rabbit displays a different cytoarchitectonic appearance in its rostral fourth and caudal three-fourths, the former of which consists of a defi...