The complex architecture of bacterial biofilms inevitably raises the question of their design. Microstructure of developing Escherichia coli biofilms was analyzed under static and laminar flow conditions. Cell attachment during early biofilm formation exhibited periodic density patterns that persisted during development. Several models for the origination of biofilm microstructure are considere...

Using atomically smooth epitaxial silver films, new optical permittivity highlighting significant loss reduction in the visible frequency range is extracted. Largely enhanced propagation distances of surface plasmon polaritons are measured, confirming the low intrinsic loss in silver. The new permittivity is free of extrinsic spectral features associated with grain boundaries and localized plas...

Loopy games are combinatorial games in which repetition is permitted. The possibility of nonterminating play inevitably raises difficulties, and several theories have addressed these by imposing a variety of assumptions on the games under consideration. In this article we survey some significant results on partizan loopy games, focusing on the theory developed in the 1970s by Conway, Bach and N...

A rare case is presented of acute anterior compartment syndrome in the thigh of a footballer caused by an acute quadriceps strain, exacerbated by poor first aid and alcohol ingestion. Decompressive fasciotomy with subsequent split skin grafting of the wound defect resulted in a satisfactory outcome. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion lest it be overlooked with inevitably disastrou...

The amplitudes of muscle and nerve action potentials evoked median nerve stimulation were recorded just before and immediately after haemodialysis. These revealed a growht of action potential amplitude during dialysis. It is suggested that some component of the defective peripheral nerve function that inevitably accompanies uraemia is temporarily improved during dialysis.

As in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other reproductive technologies become increasingly prevalent, the legal and bioethical issues that inevitably accompany these new technologies are outpacing both legislative and judicial responses. Thus far, legislatures hesitant to address the ethical uncertainties in IVF have been slow to adopt clear guidelines regarding the disposition of the frozen preem...

Stability and performance of networked control systems has been a recent area of interest in the control literature. The inclusion of a shared communication network between plant and controller inevitably leads to occasional random data loss. We provide novel results relating to the probability of such a system being globally asymptotically stable or input to state stable. Copyright c ©2005 IFAC

This is a continuation of a paper in which the role of types in semantic theory was explored. Inevitably, in that paper some issues in type theory and semantics were treated only in passing. In particular, little was said about Stratified Type Theories. This paper concentrates on these theories and provides a theoretical framework for semantic applications.

Addressing a problem of software integration is a fact of life for those involved in software development. The popularity of both object and relational technologies means that they will inevitably be used together. However, the combination of these two technologies introduces problems. These problems are referred to collectively as the object-relational impedance

syndrome lies in some micro-organism as yet undiscovered. After all, Legionella pneumophila, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Helicobacter pylon were unknown pathogens 15 years ago. The urethral syndrome is common and distressing and causes much unhappiness. It inevitably results in the overuse of antibiotics and proliferation of bacteria resistant to antibiotics. It deserves more thorough investigati...