Plant remains from archaeological sites reflect many aspects of the relationship between people, plants, and the environmentin which they lived. Plant macroremains—seeds and wood that are visible without a microscope—can address a widerange of questions. The most basic include what crops were grown? What was used for fuel? Do any of the plants comefrom distant lands? Examples from fourth and th...

Cereal grains play a pivotal role in the rise and character of the Indus civilization. Archaeologists have traditionally focused their attention on the large-grained crops of wheat and barley while often minimizing the importance of the smaller-grainedmillets. Both environmental and cultural variables influence crop selection in the past as well as today. This paper explores the role and signif...

plant remains from archaeological sites reflect many aspects of the relationship between people, plants, and the environmentin which they lived. plant macroremains—seeds and wood that are visible without a microscope—can address a widerange of questions. the most basic include what crops were grown? what was used for fuel? do any of the plants comefrom distant lands? examples from fourth and th...

The recently discovered Indus stellar stream exhibits a diverse chemical signature compared to what is found for most other streams due the abundances of two outlier stars, Indus$\_$0 and Indus$\_$13. Indus$\_$13, an extreme enhancement in rapid neutron-capture ($r$-)process elements with $\mathrm{[Eu/Fe]} = +1.81$. It thus provides direct evidence accreted nature $r$-process enhanced stars. In...

One of the most important undeciphered scripts of the ancient world is the Indus script. Earlier studies had focused on the correlations between signs in the Indus texts using various statistical and computational techniques such as N-grams or Markov chains. In the present study, K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique is used to identify clusters of similar texts without...

Abstract This work describes a general method of testing for redundancies in the sign lists ancient scripts by data mining positions signs within inscriptions. The redundant are allographs same grapheme. is applied to undeciphered Indus Valley Script, which stands out from other having large proposed list that contains dozens asymmetric have mirrored pairs. By statistical analysis signs, this p...

He–Pb double dating of detrital zircons is more reliable than conventional U–Pb dating for tracing the source of detritus in sediments and can be used to constrain the percentage of recycled material in sediments. Conventional U–Pb dating can be used to constrain the provenance of sediments if the U–Pb zircon age pattern for potential source regions is known but can only be used to trace the so...

The chronological events associated with cannabis utilization are viewed perceptively as matters/issues that happened from the period “before Christ” (BC) or “anno domini” (AD, “in year of our Lord”) to present time. Cannabis is one oldest natural products known humanity worldwide and has been used by various civilizations, cultures, religions before birth Christ. Interestingly, it date potenti...

The Indus script is one of the major undeciphered scripts of the ancient world. The small size of the corpus, the absence of bilingual texts, and the lack of definite knowledge of the underlying language has frustrated efforts at decipherment since the discovery of the remains of the Indus civilization. Building on previous statistical approaches, we apply the tools of statistical language proc...