MELTING UNDER VACUUM in an induction-heated crucible is a tried and tested process in the production of liquid metal. It has its origins in the middle of the 19th century, but the actual technical breakthrough occurred in the second half of the 20th century. Commercial vacuum induction melting (VIM) was developed in the early 1950s, having been stimulated by the need to produce superalloys cont...

The concentration distribution and microstructure of NiTi shape memory alloys produced in vacuum induction furnaces operating at high and medium frequencies are compared with those of materials melted in vacuum resistance furnaces. The production procedure consisted of charging pure metals into a graphite crucible; raising the temperature to 1450°C under vacuum; holding the materials in high an...

Iron based high entropy alloy containing aluminum is facing a challenge in the liquid-solid transition regime due to its affinity segregation. In this research, segregation of alloying elements designed has been tracked after pouring special investment mold that possesses different modulus with fluctuated solidification time. Different compositions targeted were developed through melting pure m...

Solid fuels, including biomass, consist of combustible, ash and water. Ash in fuel is result of reaction of minerals presented in the biomass. Minerals and other different substances which form ash got into biomass during growth. Ash is solid residue resulted from the perfect laboratory combustion of fuel. It is composed of minerals that are present in the fuel. Some species of biomass ash have...

The electric arc furnace (EAF) is used to produce high quality steel from steel scraps. The EAF uses plasma arc to generate heat for melting scarp or direct reduced iron (DRI). The liquid metal should be drained from the tap hole. Manual tapping operation of the EAF in the hot environment around the furnace is a potentially dangerous and time consuming task for the workers. Therefore, it is ess...