Here, we review the molecular mechanism and pharmacokinetics of flavonoids in treatment resistant EGF receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) particularly possible mechanism(s) delicaflavone, a biflavonoid extracted from S elaginella doederleinii Hieron . EGFR TK inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI) are ubiquitously used NSCLC bearing mutations. However, patients treated with EGFR‐TKI inevi...

In bacterial, yeast, and human cells, stress-induced mutation mechanisms are induced in growth-limiting environments and produce non-adaptive and adaptive mutations. These mechanisms may accelerate evolution specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e., when they are are stressed. One mechanism of stress-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli occurs by error-prone DNA dou...

BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are present in the majority of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) responsive to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib or erlotinib. These EGFR-dependent tumors eventually become TKI resistant, and the common secondary T790M mutation accounts for half the tumors with acquired resistance to gefitinib. Howeve...

Ion beams are novel physical mutagens that have been applied to a wide variety of plant species. Unlike other physical mutagens such as X-rays, c-rays, and electrons, ion beams have high linear energy transfer, leading to high double-strand break yields and the resulting strong mutational effects. Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA) in Japan was established as t...

The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene is silenced by hypermethylation or mutated in up to 70% of human breast cancers. In mouse models, Apc mutation disrupts normal mammary development and predisposes to mammary tumor formation; however, the cooperation between APC and other mutations in breast tumorigenesis has not been studied. To test the hypothesis that loss of one copy...

Carcinogenic arsenic, nickel, and chromium compounds induced morphological and neoplastic transformation but no mutation to ouabain resistance in 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells; lead chromate also did not induce mutation to ouabain or 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mechanism of metal-induced morphological transformation was likely not due to the specific base substituti...

Abstract A first order progress rate is derived for the intermediate multi-recombinative Evolution Strategy $$(\mu /\mu _I, \lambda )$$ ( μ / I , λ ) -ES on highl...

The widespread use of mutagenesis for plant genetic improvement can be explained by a number factors, including the fact that new varieties developed in shorter time than conventional breeding methods and transgenesis is more difficult to re-engineer. Gamma rays are physical mutagens often used techniques safe human health because there no environmental risk induced generations. method this pap...

The plasmid pMucAMucB, constructed from the Haemophilus influenzae vector pDM2, and a similar plasmid, constructed from pBR322, increased the survival after UV irradiation of Escherichia coli AB1157 with the umu-36 mutation and also caused UV-induced mutation in the E. coli strain. In H. influenzae, pMucAMucB caused a small but reproducible increase in survival after UV irradiation in wild-type...