after the collapse of the left extreme ideological camp (communism) in leadership with soviet :union: in 90’s; that must be consider along the collapse of the right extreme ideological camp (fascism) in the mid of twentieth century; the middle right ideological camp (liberalism) in leadership of industrial world countries, to celebrate this victory along with globalization age. in the meantime,...

of Chapter 3 [Idealist mistakes & Materialist corrections] Idealist misconceptions On Hierachy On Religion Consciousness throughout history An idealist conception of Humans On Language & Idealism Individuality according to Materialism Individualism created Individualism in a class perspective Relation of individual to class interests The role of will in the desires of an individual Individualit...

Today a convergence between the fields of anthropology and economics has re-emerged after decades during which the dictates of methodological individualism, as strikingly elucidated by Kenneth Arrow, had seriously limited and hampered effective scholarship in studies of economic and social development in developing countries. A new generation of development economists represented by Spolaori an...

One line of objection to Externalism or Anti-Individualism is that, if it were true, causal explanations citing the content of mental states or events would be redundant. Another is that individuation by intentional properties would fail to be individuation by causal powers. My aim in the present paper is to answer these charges. But first a few terminological matters to get the charges into fo...

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are workplace activities that exceed an employee's formal job requirements and contribute to the effective functioning of the organization. We explored the roles of the dispositional traits of individualism and collectivism in the prediction of OCB. The relationship was examined in the context of other constructs known to influence OCB, specifically, m...

We develop a dynamic model of sustainable competitive advantage in hypercompetitive environments. We argue that competitive advantages of firms can be sustainable even if resource-based advantages of firms can be quickly replicated by rivals or when the barriers to entry are almost non-existent. This is accomplished through intensive entrepreneurial activity of firms during the equilibrating te...

1. When customers call in, their orders and credit card information are received by the customer service department. 2. Once the order is received, the order details and credit card information is sent to the Finance department for processing. 3. If the credit card authorization is unsuccessful, then the Finance department sends a “rejection” notification to the Customer Service department. 4. ...

In ecommerce, many market followers would like to have personalization systems in place to more effectively compete with market leaders. However, retailers face a significant challenge in forming initial trust with new customers, especially when the new customers are culturally diverse. Acknowledging this dilemma, this study examines the moderating cultural effects of espoused individualism/col...