this study examined the phonetic characteristics of persian sentence stress produced by native mandarin chinese speakers. we compared the phonetic correlates of sentence stress, namely fundamental frequency (f0), vowel duration, and vowel intensity in the production of 8 mandarin chinese speakers and 8 native persian speakers. results indicated that mandarin chinese speakers of persian could di...

When selling a business by auction, sellers typically use indicative bids – non-binding preliminary bids – to select a small number of bidders to conduct due diligence and submit binding offers. We show that if entry into the auction is costly, indicative bids can be informative: symmetric equilibrium exists in weakly-increasing strategies, with bidders “pooling” over a finite number of bids. T...

Indicative bidding is a practice commonly used in sales of complex and very expensive assets. Theoretical analysis shows that efficient entry is not guaranteed under indicative bidding, since there is no equilibrium in which more qualified bidders are more likely to be selected for the final sale. Furthermore, there exist alternative bid procedures that, in theory at least, guarantee 100% effic...