The use of price to influence a buyer’s purchasing behavior and thus improve supply chain coordination has received considerable attention. The vendor and buyer are independent economic entities, each maximizing its own profit. We consider the case of a buyer with fixed annual demand, independent of cost. The vendor’s objective is to set a price schedule that encourages the buyer to raise its o...

An inventory model of deteriorating seasonal products with Maximum Retail Price (MRP) for a wholesaler having showrooms at different places under a single management system is considered under random business periods with fuzzy resource constraints. The wholesaler replenishes the products instantaneously and earns commissions on MRP which vary with the ordered quantities following All Unit Disc...

This study revisits a fuzzy rough economic order quantity (EOQ) model for deteriorating items considering quantity discount and prepayment. Since the proposedmodel is amixed integer nonlinear programming type, it is solved using Meta heuristic algorithms. Based on three different case examples, we have shown that our results using the Bees Colony Optimization (BCO) algorithm performs better tha...

– All-unit order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a variable base period – Incremental order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a fixed base period • 98%-effective policy for a variable base period Introduction • A supply chain is a network of facilities that procure raw materials, transform them into intermediate goods and then final products, and deliver the products t...

هدف این پژوهش، طراحی مدل بهینه‌سازی دوسطحی برای زنجیره تأمین است؛ به‌طوری‌که تصمیم‌گیری غیرمتمرکز کمّی و کیفی را در سطوح استراتژی تاکتیکی ادغام کند. کارخانه تولیدی نقش تصمیم‌گیرنده سطح بالا با ارائه تخفیف مقداری، به دنبال ترغیب مشتریان سفارش خرید بیشتر است. پایین، به‌عنوان پایین تمایل دارند مقادیر از طریق مشارکتی، مقیاس اقتصادی دست یابند. یکی نخستین پژوهش­هایی است که یافتن راه‌حل‌های بهینه مسئله...

Supply chain management is concerned with the coordination of different parts of the production system. Companies have realized that they must closely collaborate with the suppliers of their strategic components or products. Recently, developing integrated inventory models for the supplier selection problem has attracted a significant amount of attention amongst researchers. In these models som...

The single-vendor single-buyer integrated production inventory system has been an object of study for a long time, but little is known about the effect of investing in reducing ordering cost on the integrated inventory models with backorder price discount and variable lead time. The purpose of this article is to investigate in the continuous review model with backorder price discount and variab...

A supply chain consisting of a single-supplier and a single-buyer is modeled and compared in two different modes: non-coordinated and coordinated. The model is established based on the fact that the demand is uncertain and shortages are considered as lost sales. The buyer’s order lead time is a nonlinear function of the buyer’s order size and the number of shipments from the supplier. Quantity ...

A manufacturer must choose whether to delegate component procurement to her tier-1 supplier, or control it directly. Due to information asymmetry about suppliers’ production costs and the use of simple quantity discount or price-only contracts, either delegation or control can yield substantially higher expected profit for the manufacturer. Delegation tends to outperform control when (1) the ma...