In this paper we propose a modal approach for reasoning about dynamic domains in a logic programming setting. We present a logical framework for reasoning about actions in which modal inclusion axioms of the form 〈p0〉φ ⊂ 〈p1〉〈p2〉 . . . 〈pn〉φ allow procedures to be defined for building complex actions from elementary actions. The language is able to handle knowledge producing actions as well as ...

The researcher collecting hierarchical data is frequently confronted with incompleteness. Since the processes governing missingness are often outside the investigator's control, no matter how well the experiment has been designed, careful attention is needed when analyzing such data.We sketch a standard framework and taxonomy largely based on Rubin's work. After briefly touching upon (overly) s...

Survey non-response is an important problem in statistics, economics and social sciences. The paper reviews the missing data framework of Little & Rubin [Little and Rubin, 1986]. It presents a survey of techniques to deal with non-response in surveys using a likelihood based approach. The focuses on the case where the probability of a data missing depends on its value. The paper uses the two-st...