in recent decades, as a result of population growth, industrial developments, scarcity of sources, etc. more attention has been paid to spatial planning. spatial planning needs the consideration of different goals, scenarios, criterions and constraints, which leads us to the usage of spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (mcda) methods. the mail goal of this research is to develop a novel mo...

The use of the bacterium Wolbachia is an attractive alternative method to control vector populations. In mosquitoes, as in members of the Culex pipiens complex, Wolbachia induces a form of embryonic lethality called cytoplasmic incompatibility, a sperm-egg incompatibility occurring when infected males mate either with uninfected females or with females infected with incompatible Wolbachia strai...

today, ecotourism is a major tourist activity around the world. it is based on environment potential through which suitable utilization and conservation of sites under management practices including considering accurate planning, potential, and peoples’ preferences are realized. the present study was conducted to determine people’s recreational preferences using questionnaires to evaluate the e...

land use change may influence many natural phenomena and ecological processes, including runoff, soil erosion, sedimentation and soil conditions. decreasing of forest area in the north of iran is one of the critical problems in recent years. the aims of this study are to detect land use changes between 1967 to 2002 using satellite images of land sat 7 etm+ (2002), aerial photos and digital topo...

the impact of land use intensity on the abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was investigated at six land use types viz., natural forest, grassland, acacia plantations, cardamom plantations, coffee plantations and paddy fields in the niligiri biosphere of the western ghats in south india. there was no significant difference in amf root colonization in different land use...

all of the tea plantations in iran are concentrated in the caspian sea region on soils previously developed under deciduous natural forests. this research conducted to study the effect of land use change (from forest to tea) on selected physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of soils under humid climate and mountainous landscape in northern iran. three transects facing west to northwest ...

degraded soils in northwest china are mostly nonproductive due to imbalanced nutrient and inadequate water supply. the effects of manure application at three different rates (7.5, 15.0, and 22.5 t ha–1) combined with chemical fertilizers on soil water and water-use efficiency in maize [compared with chemical fertilizers (control)], under semi-arid conditions in dark loessial soil and over a per...

converting rangelands to arable land such as dry farming is widely practiced in many places in iran. this activity could possibly contribute to the increase in downstream sedimentation. the effects of this activity on downstream watersheds are not well documented for many strategic areas in the country. one such area which is proposed for this study is the kardeh drainage basin, located in the ...

this study was conducted to determine soil properties that correlate with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) spore numbers in semiarid calcareous soils of hamadan province in northwestern of iran. soil samples from six sites managed differently were collected from a 0 to 30 cm depth. the results showed that land use and management systems had a significant effect on amf spore number in soi...