Spatial properties of stimuli are sometimes encoded even when incidental to the demands of a particular learning task. Incidental encoding of spatial information may interfere with learning by (i) causing a failure to generalize learning between trials in which a cue is presented in different spatial locations and (ii) adding common spatial features to stimuli that predict different outcomes. H...

Language learners often face communication problems when they need to express themselves and do not have the ability so. On other hand, continuous advances in technology are creating new opportunities improve second language (L2) acquisition through context-aware ubiquitous learning (CAUL) technology. Since vocabulary is foundation of all acquisition, this article presents ULearnEnglish, an ope...

The acquisition of information is generally thought to be deliberately sought using a search or query mechanism or by browsing or scanning an information space. People, however, find information without seeking it through accidental, incidental or serendipitous discoveries, often in combination with other information acquisition episodes. The value of this phenomenon to an individual or an orga...

The role of emotion in moral judgment is currently a topic of much debate in moral psychology. One specific claim made by many researchers is that irrelevant feelings of disgust can amplify the severity of moral condemnation. Numerous researchers have found this effect, but there have also been several published failures to replicate it. Clarifying this issue would inform important theoretical ...

background and importance: pseudomeningocele is a rare complication of spine surgery, and it is the collection of cerebrospinal fluid in paraspinal tissues. giant pseudomeningoceles are still rare, and very few cases have been reported in literature. it is usually occult in presentation, and patients do not have any symptoms ascribable to it. case presentation: we came across two symptomatic pa...

This article reviews research related to conscious and unconscious processes in L2 and LI vocabulary acquisition. Firstly it presents a summary conceptual analysis of the different aspects of vocabulary acquisition. After demonstrating that most vocabulary acquisition typically comes as a result of incidental learning, it next considers three research areas: (i) the associations between vocabul...