introduction: use of unbalanced chemical fertilizers especially p, having low absorption efficiency and low solubility compounds with soil components, has resulted in the production and use of bio-fertilizers (17, 23 and 29). bio-fertilizer is a preservative material consisting of one or several specific beneficial micro-organisms or their metabolic products used to supply plant nutrients and d...

introduction: soil fertility management is a key factor in achieving sustainable agriculture. use of organic fertilizers is one of the methods that without environmental harmful effects with improvement of chemical and biological conditions increases soil fertility. nitroxin contains a collection of the best strains of nitrogen fixation bacteria of the genus azospirillum and azotobacter. these ...

abstract fertilizer use efficiency (fue) is one way of improving the fertilizer management in agriculture. in this study, spinach (spinacea oleracea) was used as a case study vegetable to determine its nitrogen use efficiency in varamin, iran. an experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replications. treatments included of five levels of n as 0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1 ...

to study the effects of simultaneous application of urea, znso4 and inoculants, (azotobacter and azospirillum), on uptake and nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed, var. hyola308, a field experiment with split plot factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design was conducted at the research field of faculty of agricultural science, university of guilan in 2008. experimental treatmen...

abstract background: inappropriate prescription of vancomycin has been shown to be asso- ciated with induction of antibiotic resistance. the objective of this study was to deter- mine the incidence of inappropriate use of vancomycin in a tertiary care hospital in iran. methods: a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was performed from september 2004 to march 2005 in all units of a general ...