ibn khaldunis known as a muslim arab historian, sociologist, anthropologist and politian of 8 hijra century (14th a.d. century). he is the founder of the historical science and the pioneer of the civil science and the father of the economics science. in his introduction book3f4, he has predicted the beginning of different sciences for the future generation that today each of them has become a s...

cultural world is a network of presuppositions which is intuitively present behind the consciousness of iranian thinkers like an indisputable, unanalyzable, general background. this network of constructive rules forms the modern iranian political discourses which are studied in this paper in terms of progressivist, identity-seeking, and contemporary political discourses. each of the above polit...

ion. Th ey aspire toward the universal and have no regard for the particular. In this sense, they are simply yet another form of representation of mobility alongside choreography charts or time-lapse photography. Unlike these other forms of representation, however, rights play a central role in the formation of liberal democracy. Th e right to mobility is central to the list of rights considere...