Experimental data have shown that synapses are heterogeneous: different synapses respond with different sequences of amplitudes of postsynaptic responses to the same spike train. Neither the role of synaptic dynamics itself nor the role of the heterogeneity of synaptic dynamics for computations in neural circuits is well understood. We present in this article methods that make it feasible to co...

When stimulated with a constant stimulus, many neurons initially respond with a high spike frequency that then decays down to a lower steady-state frequency (Fig. 1 A). This dynamics of the spike frequency response is referred to as “spike-frequency adaptation”. Spike-frequency adaptation is a process that is slower than the dynamics of action potential generation. Spikefrequency adaptation by ...

We examine the system where a string stretches between pair of D-branes, and study the bending of the D-brane caused by the tension of the string. If the distance between the pair of D-branes is sent to infinity, the tension of the string stretching between them is strong enough to pull the spike all the way to infinity. We study the shape of these spikes when the branes are finite distance apa...

A new paradigm is proposed for sorting spikes in multi-electrode data using ratios of transfer functions between cells and electrodes. It is assumed that for every cell and electrode there is a stable linear relation. These are dictated by the properties of the tissue, the electrodes and their relative geometries. The main advantage of the method is that it is insensitive to variations in the s...