there is no doubt in the existence of the right to imprisonment in the marriage (nikāḥ) for the wife. that is to say, the wife is entitled to refuse submission until receiving all her dowry in case it is urgent (mu‘ajjal). the question arises here as to what the extent of this right to imprisonment is. does it merely apply to specific submission or does it include general submission, as well? i...

The concept of mass imprisonment emerged at the turn of the 21st century in recognition of the intractable nature of the late modern penal explosion, especially in the USA (Lynch, 2011). What had been perceived in the previous two decades to be a dynamic yet alarming phenomenon – the rapid growth and expansion in the use of incarceration – had now taken on a sense of permanence and immutability...

Closing long-stay psychiatric beds remains contentious. The review by Winkler et al in this issue examines 23 studies of deinstitutionalisation for the outcomes of people discharged from psychiatric hospitals after an admission of 1 year or longer. The majority of these studies identified no cases of homelessness, incarceration or suicide after discharge from hospital.

Although father–child relationships (FCRs) are central to children’s experience of paternal imprisonment, few studies address this subject. A systematic review was conducted synthesize the literature on imprisonment and FCRs. Four academic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies. Thirty identified. It found that FCRs most often deteriorate due but sometimes remain stable or change pos...

In this address I argue that large reductions in unproductive and unjust uses of imprisonment requires curtailment the over use life imprisonment. go on to discuss how criminologists should engage policy process achieve material prison populations by accumulation many incremental overuse incarceration.

1. BACKGROUND International and Canadian data reveal that the health of people who experience imprisonment is poor compared to the general population [1, 2]. The health of this population may affect the general population directly through the transmission of diseases such as hepatitis C, the costs of recidivism and health care due to untreated illness such as substance use disorders, and effect...

The posterior tibial muscle is the main functional support of the plantar arch its dysfunction is the main cause of acquired flat foot. This is a 32 year old patient who consults for progressive pain of the inside of the ankle and right foot with a considerable decrease in its sporting and professional activity. Examination reveals a collapse of the plantar arch. The radiological assessment fin...

OBJECTIVE This observational, retrospective study investigated infertility among Iraqi men who had been long-term prisoners of war. METHODS Routine seminal fluid analyses were undertaken in former prisoners with suspected infertility attending the Ramadi Infertility Clinic, Ramadi, Iraq; semen samples were also microscopically evaluated in these patients. RESULTS In 16 out of 38 patients (...