The entropy of hot nuclear Systems is deduced from the mass distribution of fragments emitted from high energy protonand nucleus-induced reactions via a quantum statistical model. It is found that the entropy per baryon, S / A , of intermediate rapidity ("participant") fragments is higher than the entropy of target rapidity ("spectator") fragments. The spectator fragments exhibit S / A values o...

In the perturbative QCD approach to exclusive B decays to two light mesons, the leading twist contribution corresponds to those diagrams in the Lepage-Brodsky expansion in which the would be spectator quark receives its recoil momentum via one gluon exchange. We show that the resulting amplitude, which in the spectator model is real, acquires an imaginary part which may be comparable in size to...

In the perturbative QCD approach to exclusive B decays to two light mesons, the leading twist contribution corresponds to those diagrams in the Lepage-Brodsky expansion in which the would be spectator quark receives its recoil momentum via one gluon exchange. We show that the resulting amplitude, which in the spectator model is real, acquires an imaginary part which may be comparable in size to...

Expressions for the nucleon wave functions in the covariant spectator theory (CST) are derived. The nucleon is described as a system with a off-mass-shell constituent quark, free to interact with an external probe, and two spectator constituent quarks on their mass shell. Integrating over the internal momentum of the on-mass-shell quark pair allows us to derive an effective nucleon wave functio...

An detailed study of the thermodynamical state of nuclear matter in transport calculations of heavy–ion reactions is presented. In particular we determine temperatures from an analysis of the local momentum space distribution on one hand, and from a fit to fragment energy spectra in terms of a blast model with radial flow and temperature on the other. We apply this to spectator and participant ...