Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been presented as a solution to realize the concept of smart radio environments, wherein uninterrupted coverage and extremely high quality service can be ensured. In this letter, assuming that multiple RIS are deployed in propagation environment, performance cascaded network affected by imperfect phase estimation is evaluated. Specifically, we deri...

This paper evaluates changes in electricity generation costs caused by the introduction of market mechanisms to determine production United States. I use staggered transition markets from 1999 2012 estimate causal impact liberalization using a differences-in-difference design on comprehensive hourly panel demand, generators’ costs, capacities, and output. find that reduce 5 percent reallocating...