People-Nearby Applications (PNAs) are becoming popular day by day. People try to find new ways for increasing their social circle according to their interests. PNAs provide people with a best way to find new people within one’s physical vicinity by applying activities and interests filters. A large number of people using PNAs complain about privacy issues and fake users. Another big concern of ...

In this issue Health by Numbers explores asthma hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visit rates in relation to Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) goals. Two HP2010 objectives for asthma are specific to hospitalizations and ED visits. Objective 24-2 sets the following targets for asthma hospitalizations by age group: (1) an age-specific rate of 25 per 10,000 children under age 5 years, (2) ...

AI systems are now or will soon be sophisticated enough to make consequential decisions. Although this technology has flourished, we also need public appraisals of AI systems playing these more important roles. This article reports surveys of preferences for and against AI systems making decisions in various domains as well as experiments that intervene on these preferences. We find that these ...

This chapter introduces a novel framework for modeling interacting humans in a multi-stage game. This “iterated semi network-form game” framework has the following desirable characteristics: (1) Bounded rational players, (2) strategic players (i.e., players account for one another’s reward functions when predicting one another’s behavior), and (3) computational tractability even on real-world s...

The evolution of opinions in a population of individuals who constantly interact with a common source of user-generated content (i.e. the internet) and are also subject to propaganda is analyzed using computer simulations. The model is based on the bounded confidence approach. In the absence of propaganda, computer simulations show that the online population as a whole is either fragmented, pol...

Parasites with their ability to vibrate our immune system are known as potent immunomodulators. In the course of life struggle of parasites within host body, they induce our immune system to produce immunosuppressive cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 by the immune cells to create parasite friendly environment within host body. Coincidentally, several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders of the hos...

An Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity from the surface of the brain. It is proved that there is a significant amount of individuality in the EEG signals, accordingly its can be treated as a biometric feature for an individual and used for human identification. In this paper, we present an artificial immune system for identifying users using EEG signals; we conduc...

Introduction It is well recognized that patients who have cancer have multiple defects in their immune signaling and intercellular communication pathways, else a tumor likely would not grow. Improvement in such pathways, in attempt to annihilate such growths and prevent their recurrence, is thus prudent. Current conventional therapy for cancer that has spread to distant sites is inadequate thus...